Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

The Time-Pressure Illusion: Discretionary Time vs. Free Time

discretionary time, free time, leisure, time pressure, time use,

Toward 100Sn : studies of excitation functions for the reaction between 58Ni and 54Fe ions

Production of nuclei above 100Sn in fusion-evaporation reactions between 58Ni and 54Fe ions was studied at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by means of the recoil mass spectrometer and charged particle detection. The beam energy was varied to optimize the yields for the two-, three- and four-particle evaporation channels. Experimental results verified the predictions of the statistical model code HIVAP. The optimum energy for the 54Fe(58Ni,4n)108Xe reaction channel that allows one to study the 108Xe-104Te-100Sn decay chain is deduced as 240 MeV

Decay studies of very neutron rich nuclei near 78Ni

The properties of beta-gamma and beta-delayed neutron emission from Cu76-79 and Ga83-85 were measured at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Selected results on the decay properties of copper isotopes are briefly presented and discusse

The \u3b2 decay of the \u3c0f5/2 ground state of 77Cu studied with 225 MeV and 0.2 MeV purified radioactive beams

Isobarically purified beams of 77Cu with energies of 225 and 0.2 MeV were used at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory to study \u3b2 decay into states in 77Zn. Data taken at 225 MeV allowed the determination of absolute branching ratios relative to the decay of 77Cu for this \u3b2 decay as well as its daughters. From these we obtained a refined \u3b2-delayed neutron emission probability of 30.3(22)% and a probability that the decay proceeds through 77Zng of 49.1(26)%. A total of 64\u2002\u3b3 rays were placed in a level scheme for 77Zn containing 35 excited states including one state above the neutron separation energy, whereas two \u3b3 rays were observed for the \u3b2n branch to states in 76Zn. The growth and decay curves of some prominent \u3b3 rays indicate a single \u3b2-decaying state with a half-life of 480(9)\u2002ms. The decay pattern for 77Cu, with observed feeding of 8(3)% to 7/2+\u200277Zng and 6(3)% to 1/2-\u200277Znm, in contrast to the large feeding observed for decay of \u3c0p3/2 73Cug to 1/2-\u200273Zng, strongly suggests a \u3c0f5/2 ground state for the studied 77Cu activity