Innovación y madurez tecnológica en empresas e instituciones mexicanas con base en la encuesta ESIDET 2017

This study focuses on the low levels of innovation in Mexican companies and institutions expressed in the patent registry. The objective of this study was to know the impact of research and development activities on the ability to register patents by Mexican companies and institutions in the different states, as well as to analyze the distribution of this ability in them. The study was based on data from the survey on research and technological development ESIDET, carried out by INEGI in 2017 at the national level to 12,159 companies and 1,045 institutions. The dependent variable of interest was the ability to patent and the predictor was the level of technological maturity of organizations. The results showed in the classification of the federative entities in conglomerates according to the capacity to patent, a great heterogeneity in the number of organizations with maturity in the technological management to register patents, with a strong concentration in the CDMX. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the ability to register patents is a function of the ability to assimilate and modify technologies, which is congruent with the trend of open innovation, using external sources of knowledge.Este documento se enfoca en los bajos niveles de innovación en las empresas e instituciones mexicanas expresado en el registro de patentes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el impacto de las actividades de investigación y desarrollo en la capacidad de registrar patentes por empresas e instituciones mexicanas en las diferentes entidades federativas, así como analizar la distribución de esta capacidad en ellas. Se partió de los datos de la encuesta sobre investigación y desarrollo tecnológico ESIDET, realizada por el INEGI en 2017 a nivel nacional a 12,159 empresas y 1,045 instituciones. La variable dependiente de interés fue la capacidad de patentar y la predictora los niveles de madurez tecnológica de las organizaciones. Los resultados mostraron en la clasificación de las entidades federativas en conglomerados en función de la capacidad de patentar, una gran heterogeneidad en el número de organizaciones con madurez en la gestión tecnológica para registrar patentes, con una fuerte concentración en la CDMX. El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple mostró que la capacidad de registrar patentes está en función de la capacidad de asimilar y modificar tecnologías, lo cual es congruente con la tendencia de la innovación abierta, empleando las fuentes externas de conocimiento

MECANISMOS DE PROTECCIÓN PARA LAS EMPRESAS MEXICANAS ANTE RIESGOS CAMBIARIOS, TASA DE INTERÉS E INFLACIÓN

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los mecanismos que las empresas mexicanas importadoras de insumos pueden utilizar para disminuir los riesgos financieros a los que están expuestas tales como tasas de interés, tipo de cambio e inflación. Se analizaron varios instrumentos financieros, sus ventajas y desventajas, cuáles son los mejores en cuanto a la disminución de riesgos. La investigación realizada fue de carácter exploratorio y documental analizando información durante el periodo 2008 a 2016. El mayor riesgo en México es el tipo de cambio, el mecanismo de protección más utilizado es el de tasas de interés. El comportamiento de los tres riesgos financieros analizados se encontró que: Respecto al tipo de cambio, ha habido una gran volatilidad, para el periodo dic 2012 a septiembre 2016, la depreciación de la moneda mexicana ha sido de 49.05%. La inflación en México ha tocado mínimos históricos en el año 2015 con 2.13% anualizada y se estima para el 2016 terminar en 3.5%. El comportamiento de la tasa de interés del Banco de México ha presentado una variación desde mediados del 2014 a octubre 2016 pasando de 3% a 4.75%. El 68% de 25 empresas mexicanas optaron por cubrir sus riesgos mediante contratos Swaps y Forwards en el mercado extrabursátil OTC y el resto de las empresas utilizaron Opciones y Futuros dentro del mercado bursátil

Actividad antibacteriana de algunas especies medicinales de Eupatorium contra bacterias patógenas resistentes a antibióticos

Thirty six samples arising from hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from four medicinal Eupatorium species were screened against Gram positive and Gram negative resistant bacteria associated with nosocomial infections by disk diffusion method. The best antibacterial extracts were selected by correspondence analysis. The hexane extracts showed high inhibition against clinical isolated bacteria. The qualitative chemical analysis was realized in the best antibacterial hexane extracts. The main components identified were triterpenes and benzopyran compounds which of extensively had been reported their antibacterial activities. Our results showing that medicinal Eupatorium species studied in this work have metabolites secondary antibacterial particularly against antibiotic resistant strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus and validate their uses in traditional medicin

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe