Escritas de mulheres negras: : exercícios de escrevivência e de re(exis) (sis)tência

This essay is based on the reading of texts by contemporary black women writers that proposes to present a brief overview of the exercises undertaken by black women writers to insert themselves in the framework of Brazilian literary production through the creation of writings that refuse stereotypy and the normalization of their experiences.O presente ensaio, a partir de leitura de textos de escritoras negras contemporâneas, propõe-se a apresentar um breve panorama dos exercícios empreendidos pelas escritoras negras para inserir-se no quadro de produção literária brasileira através da criação de escritas que recusam a estereotipia e a normatização de suas experiências

Black women writers Florentina Souza

The article focuses on the important role of the literature produced by black women as a space of resistance to epistemicide that denies them the place of subjects of knowledge. The expression of strength and performance of these women is recorded in a variety of ways, in books, websites, blogs, on facebook, in magazines and newspapers and also on declaiming performance in poetry parties and slams.O artigo se debruça sobre o importante papel da literatura produzida por mulheres negras como espaço de resistência ao epistemicídio que nega a elas o lugar de sujeitos de conhecimento. A expressão de força e atuação dessas mulheres é registrada de formas diversificadas, em livros, sites, blogs, no facebook, em revistas e jornais e também declamando nos saraus e slams

Implementação da Lei 10.639/2003: mapeando embates e percalços

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os embates e sucessos encontrados por estudantes e docentes de escolas públicas no desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas voltadas para a implementação da Lei 10.639/2003. A reflexão crítica visa contribuir para discussões sobre Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e, para tanto, recorremos a entrevistas e observações feitas em escolas de quatro Estados da região Nordeste durante a pesquisa nacional “Práticas Pedagógicas de Trabalho com Relações Étnico-Raciais na Escola na Perspectiva da Lei 10.639/2003”. São analisadas entrevistas realizadas com diretoras, coordenações pedagógicas e professoras/es, como também grupos de discussão formados por estudantes de seis diferentes escolas da região, sobre temas como: a constituição das identidades étnico-raciais, acesso a material didático e informativo sobre cultura brasileira e afro-brasileira. Nas discussões e entrevistas, constatamos que, não obstante algumas experiências exitosas, a maioria do corpo docente, gestores/as e funcionários/as das escolas investigadas carece ainda de melhorar as informações e conhecimentos sobre a Lei 10.639/2003, sobre as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana, além de outros documentos de orientação para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais, com vistas a implementar práticas pedagógicas de feição intercultural que contribuam para a constituição de espaços educacionais nos quais a diferença e a diversidade sejam respeitadas e valorizadas

VIVENDO DE AMOR E PRAZER: A(S) LITERATURA(S) NEGRA(S) FEMININA(S) ERÓTICA(S) E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA

Este ensaio discute como a representatividade positiva é importante, não só para elevar autoestima, reconhecendo as diversas formas de intelectualidade, e também como é preciso repensar os estereótipos racistas e sexistas. Além disso, é construída uma literatura comparada das ilustrações de Apollonia SaintClair analisando seus traços sentidos e textos literários da obra Além dos Quartos: Coletânea Erótica Negra Louva Deusa. Por fim, tem como objetivo analisar textos literários que representam as diversidades das percepções acerca da sexualidade, do prazer sexual de cada corpo e como são vividos esses momentos inerentes às vivências femininas negras e a partir deles, em diálogo com as proposições teóricas Evaristo (2005), Kilomba (2017), Zucchi (2014), Soares (2000), Butler (2000)

A TRADIÇÃO E A TRAIÇÃO: A “ALMA IMORAL” SOB UM OLHAR PSICANALÍTICO

Nilton Bonder publicou em 1998 sua obra intitulada "A Alma Imoral", que também deu origem à peça homônima apresentada pela atriz e dramaturga Clarice Niskier, além do documentário disponível no canal do Youtube. Essa obra baseia-se naquilo que o autor chamou de "psicologia evolucionista", a qual aponta o corpo como algo moral, que tem por objetivo preservar a vida e a alma como imoral, pois seu desejo é romper com as tradições e transcender. O foco central aqui é o desejo e a maneira como o ser humano irá se comportar diante dele. Nem sempre o desejo está de acordo com os dogmas impostos pela tradição e surge aí um dilema: realizar o desejo e trair os acordos contrários a ele ou ser fiel aos acordos firmados e trair o próprio desejo? Escolher não trair é optar pela fidelidade e tentar ignorar outros supostos objetos de desejo, como nos foi possível reconhecer neste estudo, pois os desejos são incontroláveis no sentir, mas no fazer não. Tendo como base a obra de Bonder e ancorado em obras clássicas da psicanálise, esse trabalho objetivou o desnudar do sujeito e da sua alma (i)moral, revelando e expondo aquilo que a psicanálise chama de desejo. Concluímos que o desejo se encontra nas bases da traição e da tradição e é o olhar que difere o moral do imoral e, no fim, percebemos que “a traição é inevitável".Nilton Bonder published his work entitled "The Immoral Soul" in 1998, which also gave rise to the play of the same name presented by actress and playwright Clarice Niskier, in addition to the documentary available on the YouTube channel. This work is based on what the author called "evolutionary psychology", which points to the body as something moral, which aims to preserve life and the soul as immoral, as its desire is to break with traditions and transcend. The central focus here is desire and the way in which human beings will behave towards it. The desire is not always in accordance with the dogmas imposed by tradition and a dilemma arises: fulfill the desire and betray the agreements contrary to it or be faithful to the agreements signed and betray the desire itself? Choosing not to cheat is opting for fidelity and trying to ignore other supposed objects of desire, as we were able to recognize in this study, as desires are uncontrollable in feeling, but not in doing.Based on Bonder's work and anchored in classic works of psychoanalysis, this work aimed to uncover the subject and his (im)moral soul, revealing and exposing what psychoanalysis calls desire. We conclude that desire is at the basis of betrayal and tradition and it is the gaze that differentiates the moral from the immoral and, in the end, we realize that “betrayal is inevitable”          Nilton Bonder publicó su obra titulada "El alma inmoral" en 1998, que también dio origen a la obra del mismo nombre presentada por la actriz y dramaturga Clarice Niskier, además del documental disponible en el canal de YouTube.Este trabajo se basa en lo que el autor llamó “psicología evolutiva”, que señala al cuerpo como algo moral, que pretende preservar la vida y al alma como inmoral, pues su afán es romper con las tradiciones y trascender. El foco central aquí es el deseo y la forma en que los seres humanos se comportarán ante él. El deseo no siempre está de acuerdo con los dogmas impuestos por la tradición y surge un dilema: ¿cumplir el deseo y traicionar los acuerdos contrarios a él o ser fiel a los acuerdos firmados y traicionar el deseo mismo? Elegir no hacer trampa es optar por la fidelidad y tratar de ignorar otros supuestos objetos de deseo, como pudimos reconocer en este estudio, ya que los deseos son incontrolables en el sentimiento, pero no en el hacer. Basado en la obra de Bonder y anclado en obras clásicas del psicoanálisis, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo develar al sujeto y su alma (in)moral, revelando y exponiendo lo que el psicoanálisis llama deseo. Concluimos que el deseo está en la base de la traición y la tradición y es la mirada la que diferencia lo moral de lo inmoral y, al final, nos damos cuenta de que “la traición es inevitable”  Nilton Bonder publicou sua obra intitulada “A Alma Imoral” em 1998, que também deu origem à peça homônima apresentada pela atriz e dramaturga Clarice Niskier, além do documentário disponível no canal do YouTube.Este trabalho baseia-se no que o autor chamou de “psicologia evolucionista”, que aponta o corpo como algo moral, que visa preservar a vida e a alma como imoral, pois seu desejo é romper com as tradições e transcender. O foco central aqui é o desejo e a maneira como os seres humanos se comportarão em relação a ele. O desejo nem sempre está de acordo com os dogmas impostos pela tradição e surge um dilema: realizar o desejo e trair os acordos contrários a ele ou ser fiel aos acordos firmados e trair o próprio desejo? Optar por não trapacear é optar pela fidelidade e tentar ignorar outros supostos objetos de desejo, como pudemos reconhecer neste estudo, pois os desejos são incontroláveis ​​no sentir, mas não no fazer. Baseado na obra de Bonder e ancorado em obras clássicas da psicanálise, este trabalho teve como objetivo desvendar o sujeito e sua alma (i)moral, revelando e expondo o que a psicanálise chama de desejo. Concluímos que o desejo está na base da traição e da tradição e é o olhar que diferencia o moral do imoral e, no final, percebemos que “a traição é inevitável”     &nbsp

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings