A study of clinico-demographic profile and ventilatory pulmonary function tests in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease. DM produces damage in small blood vessels characterized by morphologic and biochemical alterations of the capillary basal lamina. These abnormalities have been observed in several organs including the lung. As the prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing, it would be important to study pulmonary functions in this sub group.Methods: The present observational study carried out at medicine department. It includes previously diagnosed type 2 DM patients between 31 to 50 years of age, non-smoker, non-pregnant with no major respiratory illness. Ventilatory Pulmonary Function Test (VPFT) which includes FVC, FEV1 and FEV1% were studied in all selected participants. VPFT categorized as per American Thoracic Society (ATS). All collected data analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010.  Results: The total of 55 previously diagnosed Type 2 DM cases was recruited. 26 (47.2 %) & 29 (52.7 %) were male & female respectively. 21 (38.2 %) has duration of DM more than 5. 11 (20 %) & 5 (9 %) had neuropathy and retinopathy respectively. 29 (52.7 %) had abnormal pulmonary function test.  The Mean FVC (84.11 ± 14.94), Mean FEV1 (84 ± 13.72) & Mean FEV1% was (100.05 ± 7.32) among the study participants.  29 (100.0 %) were restrictive type of abnormality. Conclusion: The reduced lung function is likely being a complication of diabetes mellitus. Lung functions needs to be checked periodically.

Seroprevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus among Rural Population: Insights into Infection Rates and Immune Status: Pilot Study

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a significant cause of respiratory tract infections, particularly affecting infants, young children, and immunocompromised individuals, with a substantial global burden of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of RSV among a rural population in Karad Taluka, India, an area where RSV data is scarce due to its predominantly urban focus. Ethical approval was obtained, and written informed consent was collected from participants' parents or legal guardians Blood samples were collected from individuals aged 16 months to 5 years residing in rural areas, and IgM RSV-specific antibodies were detected to identify recent infections using SERION enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, demographic information and clinical history were collected through a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into an electronic database, and seroprevalence was calculated based on the proportion of individuals with positive serological results. The study revealed that by the age of 3 years, 81.0% of children exhibited IgM seropositivity to RSV, with a cumulative seroprevalence of 72% in the entire study population. The seroprevalence varied with age, demonstrating an ongoing RSV activity within the community, as evidenced by the high IgM positivity. However, as children grew older, a decline in IgM positivity was observed, possibly due to protective antibodies developed from previous exposures or a longer time elapsed between RSV exposure and sample collection in older children. These findings underscore the vulnerability of young infants to RSV and the need for early protection in India. It highlights the importance of considering timing and age-appropriate administration of RSV vaccines in vaccination strategies, as well as the potential limitations of maternal immunization in protecting preterm infants. Understanding RSV seroprevalence in rural areas is crucial for guiding public health interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of this virus on vulnerable populations, particularly young children who are at the highest risk

Disease Prevalence Due to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) and Molecular Nature of G Gene in Different Geographical Region of India: 2005-2022

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading pediatric respiratory pathogen with high morbidity in the first year of life. The morbidity is particularly high in developing countries. it is the most common cause of infant hospitalization and causes a high burden of disease in the elderly. India is a country with vast geographical differences their unique climatic conditions. So, the prevalence of human RSV in different geographical regions is partially understood for a long time.  This review was performed by using a different search engine like Google schooler, PubMed, etc. Significant prevalence and specific RSV virus strain circulation were major keywords used for the search in the Indian pediatric population. Annual incidence rates of RSV–associated hospitalization per 1000 children were highest among infants aged 0–5 months, followed by ages 6–23 months, and lowest among children 24–59 months. hRSV was a substantial cause of hospitalization among children aged < 24 months especially those aged <6 months. Prevalence varies from 2.1% to 44% in different geographical regions. hRSV has a more broadly distributed peak timing. numerous studies of the correlation between climatic factors and hRSV incidence across latitudes found variable and inconsistent correlations between hRSV incidence & temperature, and relative humidity in different parts of the tropical region.However, genotypes ON1, NA1, GA5, and GA2 in the hRSV-A group and group hRSV-B BA, BA9, and BA12 were predominantly circulated in India

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Water users' association in Minor 7, Mula Project: farmers' experience

Water users associations, Irrigation programs, Farm Management, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

Acute myocardial infarction following blunt chest trauma with intracranial bleed: A rare case report

A young male following road traffic accident (RTA) with head injury and parietal bleed was diagnosed with STEMI based on ECG findings which is rare occurrence. Coronary angiography showed thrombotic ostial occlusion of LAD. Successful primary angioplasty using thrombo-aspiration was done, in difficult clinical scenario. The case was challenging in terms of use of anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategy in a rare etiology of acute myocardial infarction following road traffic accident

Studies of osmotic coefficients and volumetric behaviour on aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin at 298.15 K

2073-2080The osmotic coefficient, solute activity coefficients and apparent molar volume are determined for β-cyclodextrin (β -CD ) using the techniques of vapor pressure osmometry and digital densitometer in aqueous solutions (0.00164 to 0.01308 mol kg-1) at 298.15 K. The thermodynamic data of activities and partial molar volumes for solvent and solute are computed using appropriate methodology and equations. Theories of dilute solutions such as McMillan-Mayer and Flory-Huggins are applied to estimate the second virial coefficient (B*2) for β-CD, the number of binding sites and χ12 interaction parameter. Using the partial molar volume data at infinite dilution and B*2 value, the contribution due to solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in terms of attractive and repulsive components are estimated. The values of B*2 and the components are compared with the values reported for mono-saccharides, disaccharides and other non-electrolytes. The results are discussed in terms of hydrophobic hydration and hydrophobic interaction