Roman historique et Histoire dans le roman

Engager une réflexion sur le « roman historique » dans l’Espagne de l’après-transition démocratique conduit ici à aborder les questions, plus vastes, d’Histoire dans le roman et de roman de la mémoire. Mais les notions de passé et de présent et leurs rapports se définissent au regard de la situation particulière de l’Espagne. L’interprétation de la place qu’occupe le roman historique dans le panorama romanesque espagnol s’enrichit alors des perspectives issues de la philosophie et de la sociologie.Au confluent de ces démarches, des exemples tirés de la littérature contemporaine et étayés par des éléments d’analyse fictionnelle et narrative figurent trois niveaux d’intégration de l’Histoire récente dans le roman espagnol. Et une identité en devenir se dessine, alors que la mémoire historique arrive clairement sur la scène littéraire en même temps qu’elle s’insinue dans les problématiques qui occupent la société espagnole de la fin du millénaire.Adentrarse en una reflexión sobre “la novela histórica” en la España de la post- transición democrática lleva aquí a acercarse a los temas, más amplios, de Historia en la novela y de novela de la memoria. Pero las nociones de pasado y de presente se definen en el ámbito de la situación peculiar de España, y de allí el vínculo cualitativo entre las dos. La interpretación del puesto que ocupa en la narrativa española se enriquece entonces de las perspectivas que proceden de la filosofía y de la sociología.En el confluente de estas modalidades reflexivas, unos ejemplos, sacados de la literatura contemporánea y estudiados gracias a elementos de análisis de la ficción y de la narración destacan tres niveles de integración de la Historia reciente en la novela española. De modo que una búsqueda identitaria se define, mientras la memoria histórica llega claramente al escenario literario, al mismo tiempo que se cuela dentro de las problemáticas que preocupan la sociedad española de finales de milenio

Jérémy Naïm : Penser le récit enchâssé – L’invention d’une notion moderne (1830-1980)

L’ouvrage de Jérémy Naïm, qui s’intéresse, en huit chapitres et 237 pages, au concept et aux pratiques du récit enchâssé, tente d’abord de trouver une l’origine à l’invention du procédé. Il montre, en confrontant pratique et théorie, qu’il n’est pas possible de dater la notion d’enchâssement dans la mesure où celle-ci ne correspond pas à une forme nouvelle, mais à une perspective nouvelle sur une forme ancienne. Il ne trouve pas non plus d’homogénéité de procédé, l’enjeu mimétique de la conve..

Nosotras que no somos como las demás de Lucía Etxebarria : stéréotype contre stéréotype

Ce roman de Lucía Etxebarria, « Nous, qui ne sommes pas comme toutes les autres », s’inscrit dans le concept d’altérité qui guide la lecture en installant comme horizon d’attente celui de l’affirmation identitaire. Sont figurés deux groupes antagonistes, de femmes, mais pas seulement, dont les traits apparaissent progressivement par un double décryptage autour de la notion de stéréotype, ses enjeux et ses formes dans la narration. De la mise en regard de  ces collectifs, que des caractéristiques volontairement marquées rendent potentiellement identifiables, découle le sens de l’oeuvre, sorte de positionnement axiologique dans l’Espagne du troisième millénaire. Le dispositif énonciatif particulier autour de l’opposition entre stéréotypes constitue l’enjeu de cette œuvre, lui permettant de dépasser le niveau qui associe stéréotype à littérature de masse. En découvrant explicitement les idées reçues de part et d’autre, et en en jouant pour les révéler, le roman installe une distance critique qui repousse la condamnation esthétique ou idéologique et resémantise le stéréotype dans son rapport à l’imaginaire social

Arturo Pérez-Reverte, El francotirador paciente. Lectures du graffiti et de l’art urbain

Avec ses outils propres, le roman de l’espagnol Arturo Pérez-Reverte, El francotirador paciente (2013) – La patience du franc-tireur - apporte une contribution à la tentative de déterminer des constantes définitoires, évolutions temporelles et spécificités spatiales de l’art urbain. Le processus narratif construit l’analyse des enjeux et modalités de ses expressions - fonction, action, production -, dans une circulation labyrinthique dans des villes européennes mettant en évidence la valeur symbolique des espaces. À partir d’une triple trame d’investigation, l’œuvre littéraire livre une épique du graffiti aux limites sans cesse repoussées et suggère une éthique. Au-delà de la mythification initiale du graffeur, le texte propose surtout de regarder et de questionner.Con sus propias herramientas, la novela del español Arturo Pérez-Reverte, El francotirador paciente (2013) lleva una aportación al intento de determinar constantes definitorias, evoluciones temporales y especificidades espaciales del arte urbano. El proceso narrativo construye el análisis de lo que está en juego y de las modalidades de sus expresiones – función, acción, producción -, en una circulación laberíntica por ciudades europeas poniendo de relieve el valor simbólico de los espacios. A partir de una triple trama de investigación, la obra desvela una épica del grafiti cuyos límites siempre se ensanchan, y sugiere una ética. Más allá de la mitificación inicial del grafitero, el texto sobre todo incita a mirar y cuestionar

Serological response and breakthrough infection after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and post-liver transplant

BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy and lack of access remain major issues in disseminating COVID-19 vaccination to liver patients globally. Factors predicting poor response to vaccination and risk of breakthrough infection are important data to target booster vaccine programs. The primary aim of the current study was to measure humoral responses to 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Secondary aims included the determination of factors predicting breakthrough infection. METHODS: COVID-19 vaccination and Biomarkers in cirrhosis And post-Liver Transplantation is a prospective, multicenter, observational case-control study. Participants were recruited at 4-10 weeks following first and second vaccine doses in cirrhosis [n = 325; 94% messenger RNA (mRNA) and 6% viral vaccine], autoimmune liver disease (AILD) (n = 120; 77% mRNA and 23% viral vaccine), post-liver transplant (LT) (n = 146; 96% mRNA and 3% viral vaccine), and healthy controls (n = 51; 72% mRNA, 24% viral and 4% heterologous combination). Serological end points were measured, and data regarding breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected. RESULTS: After adjusting by age, sex, and time of sample collection, anti-Spike IgG levels were the lowest in post-LT patients compared to cirrhosis (p < 0.0001), AILD (p < 0.0001), and control (p = 0.002). Factors predicting reduced responses included older age, Child-Turcotte-Pugh B/C, and elevated IL-6 in cirrhosis; non-mRNA vaccine in AILD; and coronary artery disease, use of mycophenolate and dysregulated B-call activating factor, and lymphotoxin-α levels in LT. Incident infection occurred in 6.6%, 10.6%, 7.4%, and 15.6% of cirrhosis, AILD, post-LT, and control, respectively. The only independent factor predicting infection in cirrhosis was low albumin level. CONCLUSIONS: LT patients present the lowest response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In cirrhosis, the reduced response is associated with older age, stage of liver disease and systemic inflammation, and breakthrough infection with low albumin level

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia