On encoding symbol degrees of array BP-XOR codes

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes, LT codes and digital fountain techniques have received significant attention from both academics and industry in the past few years. By employing the underlying ideas of efficient Belief Propagation (BP) decoding process (also called iterative message passing decoding process) on binary erasure channels (BEC) in LDPC codes, Wang has recently introduced the concept of array BP-XOR codes and showed the necessary and sufficient conditions for MDS [k + 2,k] and [n,2] array BP-XOR codes. In this paper, we analyze the encoding symbol degree requirements for array BP-XOR codes and present new necessary conditions for array BP-XOR codes. These new necessary conditions are used as a guideline for constructing several array BP-XOR codes and for presenting a complete characterization (necessary and sufficient conditions) of degree two array BP-XOR codes and for designing new edge-colored graphs. Meanwhile, these new necessary conditions are used to show that the codes by Feng, Deng, Bao, and Shen in IEEE Transactions on Computers are incorrect

From Romantic Gothic to Victorian Medievalism: 1817 and 1877

"The Cambridge History of the Gothic was conceived in 2015, when Linda Bree, then Editorial Director at Cambridge University Press, first suggested the idea to us

Ensemble Classification With Noisy Real-Valued Base Functions

In data-intensive applications, it is advantageous to perform partial processing close to the data, and communicate intermediate results to a central processor, instead of the data itself. When the communication or computation medium is noisy, the resulting degradation in computation quality at the central processor must be mitigated. We study this problem for the setup of binary classification performed by an ensemble of base functions communicating real-valued confidence levels. We propose a noise-mitigation solution that optimizes the transmission gains and aggregation coefficients of the base functions. Toward that, we formulate a post-training gradient-based optimization algorithm that minimizes the error probability given the training dataset and the noise parameters. We further derive lower and upper bounds on the optimized error probability, and show empirical results that demonstrate the enhanced performance achieved by our approach on real data.11Nsciescopu

Mitigating Noise in Ensemble Classification with Real-Valued Base Functions

In data-intensive applications, it is advantageous to perform some partial processing close to the data, and communicate to a central processor the partial results instead of the data itself. When the communication medium is noisy, one must mitigate the resulting degradation in computation quality. We study this problem for the setup of binary classification performed by an ensemble of functions communicating real-valued confidence levels. We propose a noise-mitigation solution that works by optimizing the aggregation coefficients at the central processor. Toward that, we formulate a post-training gradient algorithm that minimizes the error probability given the dataset and the noise parameters. We further derive lower and upper bounds on the optimized error probability, and show empirical results that demonstrate the enhanced performance achieved by our scheme on real data. © 2022 IEEE

Exceptionally long-term persistence of DNA adducts formed by carcinogenic aristolochic acid i in renal tissue from patients with aristolochic acid nephropathy

Aristolochic acid (AA) causes aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), first described in women in Belgium accidently prescribed Aristolochia fangchi in a slimming treatment, and also Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), through probable dietary contamination with Aristolochia clematitis seeds. Both nephropathies have a high risk of urothelial cancer, with AA being the causative agent. In tissues of AAN and BEN patients, a distinct DNA adduct, 7-(deoxyadenosin-N 6-yl)-aristolactam I (dA-AAI), has been detected. DNA adducts can be removed through DNA repair, they can result in mutations through erroneous DNA replication or they can cause cell death. The dA-AAI adduct induces AT to TA transversions in the tumor-suppressor TP53 gene in experimental systems, matching TP53 mutations observed in urothelial tumors from AAN cancer cases. Using thin-layer chromatography 32P-postlabeling and mass spectrometric analysis we report the detection of dA-AAI in renal DNA from 11 Belgian AAN patients over 20 years after exposure to AA had ceased. Our results showed that dA-AAI is an established biomarker of AA exposure, and that this biomarker can be demonstrated to be persistent decades after a distinct AA exposure. Further, the persistence of dA-AAI adducts appears to be a critical determinant for the AA mutational fingerprint frequently found in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes recently identified by whole genome sequencing of AA-associated urothelial tumors. The potential for exposure to AA worldwide is high; the unprecedented long-term persistence of dA-AAI provides a useful long-term biomarker of exposure and attests to the role of AA in human urothelial malignancy. What's new? Aristolochic acid (AA), present in Aristolochia-derived herbal drugs frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine, can cause aristolochic acid nephropathy and urothelial cancer. The true extent of AA exposure is unknown as reliable biomarkers are missing. This study demonstrates that premutagenic AA-DNA adducts, specifically 7-(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-aristolactam I adducts, have an exceptionally long-term persistence in the renal DNA of aristolochic acid nephropathy patients and thus can serve as biomarkers to assess exposure to AA, even decades later. 2013 UICC.SCOPUS: ar.jFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe