New physics contributions to Bˉs→π0(ρ0) η(′)\bar{B}_s \rightarrow \pi^0(\rho^0 )\,\eta^{(')} decays

The decay modes $\bar{B}_s \rightarrow \pi^0(\rho^0 )\,\eta^{(')}$ are dominated by electroweak penguins that are small in the standard model. In this work we investigate the contributions to these penguins from a model with an additional $U(1)'$ gauge symmetry and show there effects on the branching ratios of $\bar{B}_s \rightarrow \pi^0(\rho^0 )\,\eta^{(')}$. In a scenario of the model, where $Z^\prime$ couplings to the left-handed quarks vanish, we show that the maximum enhancement occurs in the branching ratio of $\bar B^0_s\to \,\pi^0\,\eta'$ where it can reach $6$ times the SM prediction. On the other hand, in a scenario of the model where $Z^\prime$ couplings to both left-handed and right-handed quarks do not vanish, we find that $Z^\prime$ contributions can enhance the branching ratio of $B^0_s\to\,\rho^0\,\eta$ up to one order of magnitude comparing to the SM prediction for several sets of the parameter space where both $\Delta M_{B_s}$ and $S_{\psi\phi}$ constraints are satisfied. This kind of enhancement occurs for a rather fine-tuned point where $\Delta M_{B_s}$ constraint on $\mid S_{SM} (B_s) + S_{Z'} (B_s)\mid$ is fulfilled by overcompensating the SM via $S_{Z'} (B_s) \simeq -2 S_{SM} (B_s)$.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures. Version accepted for publication in European Physical Journal

Verbal Abuse: Anti-Trafficking Rhetoric and Violence Against Women

There is a significant debate in contemporary feminist political thought and amongst activist organizations regarding the “trafficking of women” and the questions and problems attendant to this phenomenon. Furthermore, the work of many feminist groups now concerned with and often party to the exercise of state and international regulatory power has drawn a great deal of attention to trafficking within the United Nations, individual nation-states (particularly the United States) and a slew of increasingly powerful NGOs. These different organizations all operate at a similar structural and prescriptive level, using legal and normative models to enact protocols and legislation specifically naming, defining and acting on human trafficking. Regardless of the apparent fervor and media attention given to trafficking in recent years, the problem is still widespread, and there is significant criticism of existing trafficking models, both for their failure to achieve even stated goals, and for the way their definitions of trafficking – particularly sex trafficking – affect women.La

Project selection, income smoothing, and Bayesian learning

Capital rationing is an empirically well-documented phenomenon. This constraint requires managers to make investment decisions between mutually exclusive investment opportunities. In a multiperiod agency setting, this paper analyses accounting rules that provide managerial incentives for efficient project selection. In order to motivate a shortsighted manager to expend unobservable effort and to make efficient investment decisions, the principal sets up an incentive scheme based on residual income (e.g. EVATM). The paper shows that income smoothing generates a trade-off between agency costs resulting from differences in discount rates and the costs associated with the "congruity" of residual earnings

Charged Higgs contribution to Bˉs→ϕπ0\bar{B}_s \rightarrow \phi \pi^0 and Bˉs→ϕρ0\bar{B}_s \rightarrow \phi \rho^0

We study the decay modes $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \pi^0$ and $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \rho^0$ within the frameworks of two-Higgs doublet models type-II and typ-III. We adopt in our study Soft Collinear Effective Theory as a framework for the calculation of the amplitudes. We derive the contributions of the charged Higgs mediation to the weak effective Hamiltonian governing the decay processes in both models. Moreover we analyze the effect of the charged Higgs mediation on the Wilson coefficients of the electrowek penguins and on the branching ratios of $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \pi^0$ and $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \rho^0$ decays. We show that wthin two-Higgs doublet models type-II and type-III the Wilson coefficients corresponding to the electroweak penguins can be enhanced due to the contributions from the charged Higgs mediation leading into enhancement in the branching ratios of $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \pi^0$ and $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \rho^0$ decays. We find that, within two-Higgs doublet models type-II, the enhancement in the branching ratio of $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \pi^0$ can not exceed $18\%$ with respect to the SM predictions. For the branching ratio of $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \rho^0$, we find that the charged Higgs contribution in this case is small where the branching ratio of $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \rho^0$ can be enhanced or reduced by about $4\%$ with respect to the SM predictions. For the case of the two-Higgs doublet models type-III we show that the branching ratio of $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \pi^0$ can be enhanced by about a factor $2$ of its value within two-Higgs doublet models type-II. However no sizable enhancement with respect to the SM predictions can be obtained for both $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \pi^0$ and $\bar{B}_s\to \phi \rho^0$ decays.Comment: 22 pages,4 figures. Accepted version for publication in Physics Letters

Economic implications from deficit finance

The paper enlightens popular part of the budget policy - deficit finance. In the process of securing economic conditions to surpass the current economic crises, the governments all over the world incline towards debt deficit finance. The intention is to describe the implications such as multiplier effect, crowding out effect, correlation between budget and trade deficit. One of them are positive, they increase the aggregate demand and national income, other negative in term that they crowd out the private sector from the capital market under increased demand for loanable funds. --Budget deficit,Crowding out,Twin deficits,Exchange rates