Analytical hierarchy approach for load shedding scheme: a case study based on the Johor System

In general, the highly development environment in the society or the natural interruptions can cause loss of the power supply due to the burden of the generator. In industries, this can cause million of losses when the shortage of supply occurs. Usually, the supply will be back-upped in the storage system. If the over demand is uncontrolled, or when there is no decision-making in removing a certain load, there will be a trouble in the power system. Certain loads will be removed depending on some importance or criteria such as operating load and area power. This requires some decision-making in order order to choose the best load(s) to be cut off. In order to do that, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) can be applied in determination of the load shedding scheme in the electric power system. The objective of this thesis is to justify a load shedding scheme for an islanded power system. This thesis proposes methodologies for load shedding scheme for the islanded electric power system by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In this thesis, the load shedding scheme is applied to several systems such as large pulp mill electrical system, IEEE 118 bus test case system, Selangor electrical system and Johore electrical system. Models are built up on the base of analysing correlative factors with examples given to indicate how the AHP, Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS are applied. From this thesis, a series of analyses are conducted and the results are determined. Analyses are made, and the results have shown that AHP, Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS can be used in determination of the load shedding scheme in pulp mill system, IEEE 118 bus system, Selangor system and Johore system. Among these three MCDM methods, the results shown by TOPSIS is the most effective solution because of the effectiveness of load shedding is the highest

Lenia and Expanded Universe

We report experimental extensions of Lenia, a continuous cellular automata family capable of producing lifelike self-organizing autonomous patterns. The rule of Lenia was generalized into higher dimensions, multiple kernels, and multiple channels. The final architecture approaches what can be seen as a recurrent convolutional neural network. Using semi-automatic search e.g. genetic algorithm, we discovered new phenomena like polyhedral symmetries, individuality, self-replication, emission, growth by ingestion, and saw the emergence of "virtual eukaryotes" that possess internal division of labor and type differentiation. We discuss the results in the contexts of biology, artificial life, and artificial intelligence.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; submitted to ALIFE 2020 conferenc

Customisable arithmetic hardware designs

Imperial Users onl

Optical bright and dark states in side-coupled resonator structures

We analyze side-coupled standing-wave cavity structures consisting of Fabry-Perot and photonic crystal resonators coupled to two waveguides. We show that optical bright and dark states, analogous to those observed in coherent light-matter interactions, can exist in these systems. These structures may be useful for variable, switchable delay lines

An Unusual Cause of Abdominal Ascites.

Abdominal ascites is most commonly caused by portal hypertension from liver cirrhosis. When present, portal hypertension is associated with an elevated serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) ≥1.1 g/dL. In contrast, a SAAG < 1.1 g/dL suggests malignancy, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, or nephrotic syndrome. Here, we present a case of low SAAG ascites caused by epithelioid peritoneal mesothelioma in a woman with no known liver disease. The diagnosis proved elusive until diagnostic laparoscopy with biopsy was performed