Authenticity of Ecuadorian Commercial Honeys

Control of honey frauds is needed in Ecuador to protect bee keepers and consumers because simple syrups and new syrups with eucalyptus are sold as genuine honeys. Authenticity of Ecuadorian commercial honeys was tested with a vortex emulsion consisting on one volume of honey:water (1:1) dilution, and two volumes of diethyl ether. This method allows a separation of phases in one minute to discriminate genuine honeys that form three phase and fake honeys that form two phases; 34 of the 42 honeys analyzed from five provinces of Ecuador were genuine. This was confirmed with 1H NMR spectra of honey dilutions in deuterated water with an enhanced amino acid region with signals for proline, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Classic quality indicators were also tested with this method (sugars, HMF), indicators of fermentation (ethanol, acetic acid), and residues of citric acid used in the syrup manufacture. One of the honeys gave a false positive for genuine, being an admixture of genuine honey with added syrup, evident for the high sucrose. Sensory analysis was the final confirmation to recognize the honey groups studied here, namely honey produced in combs by Apis mellifera, fake honey, and honey produced in cerumen pots by Geotrigona, Melipona, and Scaptotrigona. Chloroform extractions of honey were also done to search lipophilic additives in NMR spectra. This is a valuable contribution to protect honey consumers, and to develop the beekeeping industry in Ecuador

How Italian dialect poets translate themselves and how they translate other poets

Part one of this essay discusses the way most contemporary Italian dialect poets translate themselves into Italian. Part two of the essay examines examples of poetry translation into dialect made by some of the same contemporary authors. A comparison between the style of the self-translations, which is mainly lyrical, and the variety of styles of the translations from other poets, shows that each choice is an intentional strategy rather than a missed opportunity for a more creative self-translation, as some scholars have argued

Identification and Characterization of Neuropsychological Phenotypes in Sport-Related Concussion

OBJECTIVES: Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a mild form of neurotrauma, resulting in transient cognitive deficits and symptoms. Staggering heterogeneity in its clinical manifestation has been observed in practice. The purpose of the current study was to attempt to empirically elucidate neuropsychological subgroups of SRC. METHODS: An archival consecutive clinical case series of 1366 (872 male, 494 female; Mage=15.6, SDage=1.9) post-concussion athletes, referred for neuropsychological testing was utilized in this study. Athletes were administered the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), including the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS). A priori analyses included Latent Class Analysis (LCA), and post-hoc analyses included cluster analysis, ANOVA and MANOVA. RESULTS: The LCA revealed no definite structure in the data, in either the overall sample or an acute sample (≤7 days post-concussion). There was vast disagreement between fit indices, with some indicating no cluster solution was appropriate. Cluster analysis yielded two cluster solutions, both of which primarily reflected levels of performance rather than distinct neuropsychological clusters. However, one cluster from each sample was comprised of poor cognitive scores and low symptom reporting. CONCLUSIONS: No distinct neuropsychological profiles emerged from the data. Although there was one potentially interesting cluster from each of the solutions, the majority of solutions reflected levels of performance and reporting. Although it is possible that there are no subgroups of SRC, this question is far from resolved

Participatory Childhood Research With Concept Cartoons

In der partizipativen Forschung mit Kindern finden sich häufig Methodenkombinationen und -adaptionen, um deren Perspektiven als Co-Forschende einzubeziehen. In den letzten Jahren wurden vermehrt Techniken an der Schnittstelle von didaktischen, visuellen und klassischen Methoden der Kindheitsforschungen angewandt. Im Rahmen einer partizipativen qualitativen Studie zum Thema Scheidung wurde eine Methode aus der Unterrichtsdidaktik adaptiert, weiterentwickelt und damit erstmals für die sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung mit Kindern nutzbar gemacht: Concept Cartoons, in denen textbasierte und visuelle Elemente verbunden werden, helfen, Kinder zu Diskussionen anzuregen und in verschiedenen Phasen der Forschung zu beteiligen. In diesem Beitrag präsentieren wir die Vorgehensweise der partizipativen Entwicklung und Anwendung von Concept Cartoons. Der gemeinsame Entwicklungsprozess mit 60 Kindern im Alter von acht bis zehn Jahren und die Anwendung der Concept Cartoons verdeutlichten die intensiven Diskussions- und Argumentationsanreize sowie das hohe Potenzial dieses methodischen Ansatzes für den Einsatz als partizipatives Erhebungsinstrument. In der Studie ermöglichte die Verwendung von Concept Cartoons, Assoziationen und Erfahrungen von Kindern zu rekonstruieren und Einblicke in die Konzepte der teilnehmenden Kinder zum Thema elterliche Scheidung zu gewinnen. Ausgehend von partizipativen Möglichkeiten in der Kindheitsforschung stellen wir in diesem Beitrag die Methode, ihr Potenzial, die partizipative Entwicklung sowie Anwendung in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung mit Kindern vor.Participatory research with children is frequently characterized by adaptations of methods intended to embrace children's perspectives as co-researchers. Within the framework of a participatory qualitative study on the issue of divorce, a method deriving from the didactics of teaching was advanced. For the first time in social science research with children, the method was made useable for research with children: Concept cartoons, in which text-based and visual elements are interconnected, assist in encouraging children to engage in discussions and in involving them in various phases of the research. In this article, we present this approach to the participatory development and application of concept cartoons. The joint process of designing and using concept cartoons with 60 eight- to ten-year-old children elucidated the important incentives for discussion, as well as the potential this methodological approach has as a participatory research tool. The use of concept cartoons in this study made it possible to reconstruct children's associations and experiences and to gain insight into their concepts of parental divorce. Based on the participatory prospects in childhood research, we introduce the method and its potential, while highlighting participatory development and the pathways to application in social science research with children

Biomolecular electrostatics with the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation

4openopenFOGOLARI F.; ZUCCATO P.; ESPOSITO G.; VIGLINO PFogolari, Federico; Zuccato, P.; Esposito, Gennaro; Viglino, Paol

Sewage epidemiology and illicit drug research: the development of ethical research guidelines

Aims: To discuss the need to develop ethical guidelines for researchers using sewage epidemiology to monitor drug use in the general population and specific precincts, including prisons, schools and workplaces

Come traducono e come si traducono i poeti dialettali italiani

La prima parte del saggio discute il modo in cui in Italia i poeti dialettali contemporanei si autotraducono. La seconda parte esamina alcuni esempi di traduzione poetica in dialetto realizzata da alcuni degli stessi autori contemporanei. Confrontando lo stile delle autotraduzioni, che sono generalmente liriche, con il più vario stile delle traduzioni di opere di altri autori si nota che tutte queste scelte sono una strategia intenzionale e non, nel caso dell’autotraduzione, un’occasione mancata, come invece hanno sostenuto alcuni studiosi

Chiusa la questione? Rifl essioni sulla lingua e la poesia italiana recente

Alcuni giovani poeti emersi con il nuovo millennio mostrano un rapporto con la lingua italiana disteso e naturale, che sembra prescindere del tutto da quella «questione della lingua» che ha caratterizzato la nostra tradizione. In parallelo, altri giovani poeti impiegano il dialetto, spesso accanto all’italiano, senza sensi di inferiorità o intenzioni confl ittuali, a diff erenza che in passato. La globalizzazione sta alterando radicalmente l’antico dualismo italiano-dialetto, già entrato in crisi negli anni Sessanta del Novecento. Al suo posto si sta imponendo un multilinguismo a cui partecipano nuovi attori con più orizzontali rapporti reciproci. Forse la vecchia questione della lingua è davvero giunta al termine, anche se per ora ciò che sta prendendo il suo posto può essere solo intravisto