Dynamics of Flexible High-Molecular-Weight Polymers in Dilute Solution under Circular Couette Flow (FUNDAMENTAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES-Molecular motion analysis)

Chain dynamics of poly(a-methylstyrene) of high molecular weight in benzene, a good solvent, in dilute solution was investigated by dynamic light scattering under Couette flow. At the shear gradient above 2.8-4.5s-1, the internal modes of motions were exclusively suppressed and only the center-of-mass translational diffusion motion of the chain was detected. Whereas, in the intermediate shear region, the decay rate for the internal mode was constant, and that of the diffusion mode increased with increasing the shear rate. The obtained universal ratio W/D0q2 was located close to the theoretical curve predicted for the flexible chains with the microscopic description of chain dynamics in Q state. This quantitative agreement between theory and experiments means that the coupled kinetic equations for chain segments and solvent in the same dynamic level is indispensable for describing rigorously chain dynamics in dilute solution

Measurement of Brain Function of Car Driver Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

The aim of this study is to propose a method for analyzing measured signal obtained from functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is applicable for neuroimaging studies for car drivers. We developed a signal processing method by multiresolution analysis (MRA) based on discrete wavelet transform. Statistical group analysis using Z-score is conducted after the extraction of task-related signal using MRA. Brain activities of subjects with different level of mental calculation are measured by fNIRS and fMRI. Results of mental calculation with nine subjects by using fNIRS and fMRI showed that the proposed methods were effective for the evaluation of brain activities due to the task. Finally, the proposed method is applied for evaluating brain function of car driver with and without adaptive cruise control (ACC) system for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results showed that frontal lobe was less active when the subject drove with ACC

Measurement and Evaluation of Brain Activity for Train Drivers Using Wearable NIRS

Human errors of train drivers may cause serious damage. Therefore, research on human error prevention has been conducted by many researchers. In this context, brain activity measurement of train drivers using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been conducted to monitor the condition of train drivers. In this study, we developed a compact wireless wearable NIRS that can be used in natural environments. The wearable NIRS has been used to measure train drivers’ brain function using a train driving simulator. Experimental results showed that brain activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) increased when the driver made braking operation. The experiment for train driving with an accidental event was carried out to evaluate the relation between drivers’ attention and the brain activity. As a result, there was a difference in brain activity between with and without prior notice. Results showed that the increased attention of the train driver can be shown in the NIRS signal from the outer part of the prefrontal cortex

Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties for Rare Earth Complexes in Ionic Liquids by Raman Spectroscopy and DFT Calculation

The coordination states of the divalent and trivalent rare earth complexes in ionic liquid, triethyl-pentyl-phosphonium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl) amide [P2225][TFSA] were investigated by Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculation. The concentration dependences of the deconvoluted Raman spectra were investigated for 0.23-0.45 mol kg-1 RE(III), RE=Nd and Dy, and the mixed sample of RE(II)/RE(III)=1/3 at the molar ratio in [P2225][TFSA]. According to the conventional analysis, the solvation number; n of rare earth complexes in [P2225][TFSA] were determined to be n=4.06 for Nd(II), 5.01 for Nd(III), 4.12 for Dy(II) and 5.00 for Dy(III). Thermodynamic properties such as ΔisoG, ΔisoH and ΔisoS for the isomerism of [TFSA]- from trans- to cis-isomer in bulk and the first solvation sphere of the centered [RE3+] cation in [P2225][TFSA] were evaluated from the temperature dependence in the range of 298-398K. ΔisoG(bulk), ΔisoH(bulk) and TΔisoS(bulk) at 298 K were -1.06, 6.86, and 7.92 kJ mol-1, respectively. The trans-[TFSA]-was dominant in the enthalpy due to the positive value of ΔisoH(bulk) and TΔisoS(bulk) was slightly larger than ΔisoH(bulk), so that cis-[TFSA]- was revealed to be an entropy-controlled in [P2225][TFSA]. On the other hand, in the first solvation sphere of [RE3+] cation, ΔisoH (Nd)(-47.39 kJ mol-1) increased to the negative value remarkably and implied that the cis-[TFSA]- isomers were stabilized for enthalpy. ΔisoH(Nd) contributed to the remarkable decrease in the ΔisoG(Nd) and this result clearly indicated that the cis-[TFSA]- bound to Nd3+ cation was preferred and the coordination state of [Dy(III)(cis-TFSA)5]2- was stable in [P2225][TFSA] The optimized geometries and the bonding energies of [RE(II)(cis-TFSA)4]2- and [RE(III)(cis-TFSA)5]2- clusters were also investigated from DFT calculation with ADF package. The bonding energy; ΔEb was calculated from ΔEb= Etot(cluster) - Etot(RE2,3+) - nEtot([TFSA]-). ΔEb([Nd(II)(cis-TFSA)4]2-), ΔEb([Nd(III)(cis-TFSA)5]2-), ΔEb([Dy(II)(cis-TFSA)4]2-) and ΔEb([Dy(III)(cis-TFSA)5]2-) were -2241.6, -4362.3, -2135.4 and -4284.2 kJmol-1, respectively. This result was revealed that [RE(III)(cis-TFSA)5]2-cluster formed stronger coordination bonds than [Dy(II)(cis-TFSA)4]2- cluster. The average atomic charges and the bond distances of these clusters were consistent with the thermodynamic properties

Perubahan Peranan Dan Fungsi Institusi Persilatan Melayu Di Semenanjung Malaysia [GV1112.75. T882 2004 f rb] [Microfiche 7478].

Tesis ini meninjau unsur utama yang mempengaruhi perubahan struktur penyesuaian ilmu dan amalan silat sebagai landasan dalam proses pembentukan sosial (social formation) dan pembudayaan (acculturation) nilai jati diri masyarakat Melayu di semenanjung