Effect of Pulse Shapes on the Weldability of High Conductivity Copper ‎C101 by Nd-YAG Laser

تم لحام وصلات تراكب مماثلة من صفائح رقيقة من النحاس النقي C101 باستخدام اللحام بالليزر النبضي. تم دراسة تأثير معاملات اللحام بالليزر على الخواص الميكانيكية. أظهرت النتائج التجريبية أنه يمكن الحصول على وصلات خالية من عيوب الصوت من وصلات نحاسية - نحاسية مماثلة حيث يحدث الكسر بعيدًا عن خط اللحام. يقترح العمل الحالي تحسين التحكم في التصميم لثلاثة أشكال مختلفة للنبض؛ مستطيلة (عادية)، منحدرة لأسفل ومعدلة وتستخدم في لحام ست عينات نحاسية مختلفة لتحقيق أقصى قوة شد وقص للمفاصل. أوضحت النتائج أن شكل النبضة المعدلة هو الأمثل في اختبار شد القص. كان لشكل النبضة المنحدرة تأثير أقل أهمية على قوة المفصل النحاسي عند مقارنته بشكل النبضة المستطيلة. تم الحصول على العلاقة بين معلمات الإدخال والإخراج من خلال استخدام برنامج Minitab، وتم استخدام برنامج Matlab للوصول إلى الحل الأمثل. أظهرت الخوارزمية الجينية أن المقدار الأمثل الذي تم تحقيقه لقوة القص كان 77.9 ميجا باسكال، وكانت معلمات الإدخال المثلى هي طاقة النبضة البالغة 39 جول وعرض النبضة 8.5 وتردد 10 هرتز والسرعة الخطية 160 ملم / دقيقة. Similar lap joints of pure copper C101 thin sheets were welded using pulsed laser welding. The effect of laser welding parameters on mechanical properties was investigated. The experimental results revealed that sound defect-free joints could be obtained from similar copper-copper joints where the fracture occurs away from the weld line. The present work proposes improved design control for three different pulse shapes; rectangular (normal), ramped-down and modulated which are used to weld six different copper samples to achieve the optimum tensile-shear strength of the joints. Results showed that modulated pulse shape has the optimum in the shear-tensile test. Ramped-down pulse shape had a less significant effect on the strength of the copper joint when compared with the rectangular pulse shape.  The relationship between the input and output parameters was obtained by employing Minitab software, and the Matlab software was used in order to reach the optimum solution. The genetic algorithm showed that the optimum magnitude achieved for the shear strength was 77.9 MPa, and the optimum input parameters were pulse energy of 39J, the pulse width of 8.5, frequency of 10Hz and linear speed of 160mm/min.&nbsp

The Attitude of Imam Sadiq on the Succession of Bani Al-Abbas (A historical Study)

شهدت فترة الدعوة العباسية انعطافا كبيرا في التاريخ العربي الإسلامي، لانها شملت مرحلتين الا وهما نهاية وسقوط الدولة الاموية سنة 132 هجرية، وبداية نشوء الدولة العباسية، فضلا عن ذلك ظهور موقف الامام الصادق (عليه السلام) الرافض لهذه الدعوة لخلفاء بني العباس لعلمه بعدم صدق نوايا الدعاة من جهة ومحاولتهم سرقة الثورة من خلال التخفي واستغلال اسم اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) من شعارات او دعايات ليست لها أساس من الصحة من جهة  اخرى، وكان ذلك الموقف من الامام (عليه السلام) بأسلوب علمي رصين واستطاع من توحيد الجماهير من كل اقطاب العالم الإسلامي مما جعله يحد من الظلم والتعسف والجور الذي مارسه العباسيين ضد أصحابه ودفع بذلك ثمنا استشهاده (عليه السلام) لمواقفه الشجاعة للامة الاسلامية.The period of the Abbasid da'wa witnessed a major turning point in the Arab and Islamic history because it included two stages: the end and the fall of the Umayyad state in 132 AH, the beginning of the Abbasid state, and the position of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) who rejected the call to the successors of the Abbasites The preachers on the one hand and their attempt to steal the revolution through the concealment and exploitation of the name of the people of the house (peace be upon them) of slogans or propaganda that have no basis of health on the other hand, and that position on the Imam (peace be upon him) in a scientific manner and was able to unite the masses from all the poles of the world Islamic, which made it limit the No arbitrariness and injustice practiced by the Abbasids against his companions and thus pay the price of his death (peace be upon him) for his courageous Islamic nation

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality. Methods Prospective cohort study in 109 institutions in 41 countries. Inclusion criteria: children <18 years who were newly diagnosed with or undergoing active treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, glioma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of 2327 cases, 2118 patients were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 30 days, 90 days and 12 months. Results All-cause mortality was 3.4% (n=71/2084) at 30-day follow-up, 5.7% (n=113/1969) at 90-day follow-up and 13.0% (n=206/1581) at 12-month follow-up. The median time from diagnosis to multidisciplinary team (MDT) plan was longest in low-income countries (7 days, IQR 3-11). Multivariable analysis revealed several factors associated with 12-month mortality, including low-income (OR 6.99 (95% CI 2.49 to 19.68); p<0.001), lower middle income (OR 3.32 (95% CI 1.96 to 5.61); p<0.001) and upper middle income (OR 3.49 (95% CI 2.02 to 6.03); p<0.001) country status and chemotherapy (OR 0.55 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.86); p=0.008) and immunotherapy (OR 0.27 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.91); p=0.035) within 30 days from MDT plan. Multivariable analysis revealed laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 5.33 (95% CI 1.19 to 23.84); p=0.029) was associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusions Children with cancer are more likely to die within 30 days if infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, timely treatment reduced odds of death. This report provides crucial information to balance the benefits of providing anticancer therapy against the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cancer

شرعية البكاء على الإمام الحسين (عليه السلام) بين نصوص القرآن ومصادر التراث الاسلامي Legitimacy of crying for Imam Hussein between Koran texts and Islamic heritage sources

Many historical studies dealt with a lot of humanitar aspects in the holy Quran. One of these studies was about the crying ritual for being mentioned in its verses as well as the prophet's sayings. Some of the prophet'(Pbuh) saying traditious the believers to cry. These sayings reved praise to the weeping of the ground and the sky as well as the prophet's cry for the affliction of Imam Hussein(Pbuh) . This study focused on the emotional and humanitarian studies of crying since Adam's time and that it is innate and natural. The prophet Muhammad (pbuh) mentioned that all prophet and messengers used to cry. اهتمت الدراسات التاريخية في القرآن الكريم بالعديد من الجوانب الانسانية، حيث دُرِسَت فيه شعيرة من الشعائر الانسانية هي شعيرة البكاء، إذ ان القرآن الكريم قد ذكرها في العديد من نصوصه كذلك في أحاديث الرسول الكريم محمد(صلى الله عليه وعلى اله وسلم)، فقد بيّنا العديد من الأحاديث والروايات على حث الرسول الكريم محمد على البكاء، والمدح والثناء للباكين وبكاء السموات والأرض على الإمام الحسين ، وبكاء الرسول وأهل بيته على الإمام الحسين(عليه السلام ). كما تطرقنا الى ان البكاء حالة وجدانية وانسانية منذ عهد آدم ولن تنسى وهي حالة وجدانية فطرية للطبيعة الانسانية، لذلك فكل الأنبياء هم بكاءون وهذا ما عبَّر عنه الرسول الكريم محمد نحن معاشر الأنبياء فينا البكاء

Characterization and Synthesis of Selenium -TPGS Nanoparticles for Target Delivery Clove to Minimize Cytogenic and Liver Damage Induced in Adult Male Rats

Nanoparticle science is currently an area of intense scientific research due to a wide range of possible applications in the biomedical and electronic fields. Nanoparticle works as an important bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the preparation of clove buds by extraction and encapsulation using nanoprecipitation technique with selenium nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are prepared by nanoprecipitation technique and characterized by particles sizers, UV spectrophotometers, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images which were utilized for regular distribution and spherical shape of nanoparticles with the size range of 206.5 nm; active compounds were detected by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of clove nanoparticles was evaluated against hepatotoxic thioacetamide in male rats. 30 albino male rats were divided into 6 groups, with 5 rats in each group. All groups of animals were treated with single dose of Thioacetamide100 mg/kg except the control. Groups T2 and T3 received Thioacetamide (100)/kg) I.p., treated orally with 100 mg/kg of clove extract and clove nanoparticles of dose by day respectively, while the last group was treated with selenium nanoparticles at dose 0.5 mg/kg daily. The selenium loaded clove nanoparticles showed spherical shape with seller size of 206.5 nm. GCMS of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) contained more than 13 active compounds. Consequently, the cytogenic study of clove nanoparticles showed a clear reducing of micronuclei percentages, chromosomal aberration and their types. In addition, the serum evaluated in this study showed significant reduction of TNFa ng/dl and IL6 in rats treated with clove extract and clove-nanoparticles in comparison with thioacetamide alone. Interestingly, the antioxidant activity of GPX was significantly elevated in rats having received clove-nanoparticles. Additionally, the histopathological defect such as inflammation and necrosis in liver and kidney was cured by using clove nanoparticles. The clove loaded selenium nanoparticles illustrated strong antioxidant and scavenging activities led by alleviate cytogenic and tissue damage induced by thioacetamide

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with paediatric cancer in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, observational cohort study

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric cancer is a leading cause of death for children. Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were four times more likely to die than children in high-income countries (HICs). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the delivery of healthcare services worldwide, and exacerbated the disparity in paediatric cancer outcomes between LMICs and HICs. DESIGN: A multicentre, international, collaborative cohort study. SETTING: 91 hospitals and cancer centres in 39 countries providing cancer treatment to paediatric patients between March and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years, and newly diagnosed with or undergoing active cancer treatment for Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms' tumour, sarcoma, retinoblastoma, gliomas, medulloblastomas or neuroblastomas, in keeping with the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality at 30 days and 90 days. RESULTS: 1660 patients were recruited. 219 children had changes to their treatment due to the pandemic. Patients in LMICs were primarily affected (n=182/219, 83.1%). Relative to patients with paediatric cancer in HICs, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 12.1 (95% CI 2.93 to 50.3) and 7.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 19.7) times the odds of death at 30 days and 90 days, respectively, after presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 15.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 65.8) times the odds of death at 30 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected paediatric oncology service provision. It has disproportionately affected patients in LMICs, highlighting and compounding existing disparities in healthcare systems globally that need addressing urgently. However, many patients with paediatric cancer continued to receive their normal standard of care. This speaks to the adaptability and resilience of healthcare systems and healthcare workers globally

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality