The regulation of agricultural biotechnology in Poland and the obstacles to EU compliance

Transition and accession have necessitated the establishment of a regulatory framework for agricultural crop biotechnology in Poland. This paper examines the theoretical and practical difficulties of complying with EU requirements. The first part of the study utilises evolutionary theory and path dependency to describe how policy makers interpret the requirements of accession through established conceptual models. Secondly the paper examines how accession programmes may alter path dependent trajectory but is simultaneously introducing or importing models which are fundamentally incompatible with national capabilities. Data presents the preaccession capacity building programmes and the import of German expertise as examples. The final section examines the issue of capacity and in particular, financial capacity, and uses this underlying theme to explore in detail why incompatibilities arise and why EU compliance is presented with certain obstacles

Logic and operator algebras

The most recent wave of applications of logic to operator algebras is a young and rapidly developing field. This is a snapshot of the current state of the art.Comment: A minor chang

The relative commutant of separable C*-algebras of real rank zero

We answer a question of E. Kirchberg (personal communication): does the relative commutant of a separable C*-algebra in its ultrapower depend on the choice of the ultrafilter?Comment: To appear in Journal of Functional Analysi

The response of two legume crops (hyacinth bean and Kidney bean) to the parasitism of field dodder (_Cuscuta campestris_)

Abstract: Microscopic examinations and chemical studies were performed to study the response of two legume crops, hyacinth bean (_Lablab purpureus L._) Sweet and kidney bean (_phaseolus vulgaris L._) to the filed dodder (FD) (_Cuscuta campestris Yuncker_) parasitism. Hyacinth bean, showing no effective resistance mechanisms,was found to be a highly susceptible host to FD. However, kidney bean, displaying resistant reactions towards the parasitism of FD,was found to be an incompatible host.The possible reasons for the resistance of kidney bean to FD were anatomical (hypersensitivity) and chemical (high contents of phenolic acids and lignin) stimulated defence mechanisms, which developed during the actual intrusion of FD haustorial cells inside its tissues