Mexico: inpoverishment and the conditional cash transfers programmes of the World Bank

Abstract Poverty reproduces into the system, which generates it. The system creates conditions to prevail and to secure functionality. The erosion of the possibilities of intergenerational social mobility, associated with the reproduction or poverty, is not a big deal to the system as long as it allows the State legitimation. In Mexico, at the present time, policies aimed at alleviating poverty, in terms of such legitimation, play a very important role as a means to redistribute income. These policies are linked to other programmes which correspond to the so called structural reforms of neoclassical style, but have nothing to do with the real structural conditions which produce the economics slumps, inflation, concentration of income and other restrictive policies. Programmes like these are known as programmes of Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT). Our paper focuses on analysing the official results of poverty measurement and the evolution of the factors which affect the impoverishment process in order to demonstrate that the official programme to fight against poverty constitutes in fact an instrument to regulate it quantitatively, without improving the social conditions for the reproduction of the social forces. This paper intends to draw elements in order to consider the evolution of poverty itself and the impoverishment of people and their conditions of restrictive perspective growth, based on the official records of poverty. The CCT programmes based their policies on income-consumption, and these obey only to a particular conception of poverty. Consequently, these programmes try to raise the income, in order to raise consumption. Although it is important for people to receive money to purchase consume goods, and this is a short-term aid, in the long run, it does not eradicate poverty. In fact, the CCT programmes try to invest in people as a human capital in order to secure the reproduction of the labour force. In these terms, programmes aim at people being trained or having better salaries, but do not necessarily create a better life for them

Mexico: inpoverishment and the conditional cash transfers programmes of the World Bank

Abstract Poverty reproduces into the system, which generates it. The system creates conditions to prevail and to secure functionality. The erosion of the possibilities of intergenerational social mobility, associated with the reproduction or poverty, is not a big deal to the system as long as it allows the State legitimation. In Mexico, at the present time, policies aimed at alleviating poverty, in terms of such legitimation, play a very important role as a means to redistribute income. These policies are linked to other programmes which correspond to the so called structural reforms of neoclassical style, but have nothing to do with the real structural conditions which produce the economics slumps, inflation, concentration of income and other restrictive policies. Programmes like these are known as programmes of Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT). Our paper focuses on analysing the official results of poverty measurement and the evolution of the factors which affect the impoverishment process in order to demonstrate that the official programme to fight against poverty constitutes in fact an instrument to regulate it quantitatively, without improving the social conditions for the reproduction of the social forces. This paper intends to draw elements in order to consider the evolution of poverty itself and the impoverishment of people and their conditions of restrictive perspective growth, based on the official records of poverty. The CCT programmes based their policies on income-consumption, and these obey only to a particular conception of poverty. Consequently, these programmes try to raise the income, in order to raise consumption. Although it is important for people to receive money to purchase consume goods, and this is a short-term aid, in the long run, it does not eradicate poverty. In fact, the CCT programmes try to invest in people as a human capital in order to secure the reproduction of the labour force. In these terms, programmes aim at people being trained or having better salaries, but do not necessarily create a better life for them

La economía solidaria en México.

Investigación sobre las organizaciones colectivas de trabajo e ingreso de México, basadas en la reciprocidad y consideradas parte de la economía solidaria. Se atrae la atención sobre la necesidad de una discusión teórico-metodológica de las propuestas alrededor de estas organizaciones, se presenta además, un conjunto de estudios de caso para saber si las iniciativas colectivas contribuyen a resolver las necesidades materiales de sus integrantes, a la par que se analiza si es posible que se perfilen como embriones de una sociedad anticapitalista, al introducir en sus prácticas cambios de las relaciones sociales; por ejemplo, reciprocidad, igualdad, comunidad, autoridad colectiva y sustentabilidad, en lugar de explotación, dominación, discriminación, deterioro y agotamiento ambiental. Por último, se evalúan las posibilidades de que se constituyan en sujetos colectivos que apunten no solo a otra economía, sino a una sociedad alternativa

XXIII Seminario de Economía Mexicana 2008. Crisis de la economía en Estados Unidos y su impacto en México

El XXIII Seminario de Economía Mexicana, abordó temas como el análisis de la crisis internacional desde su origen; las repercusiones de esa crisis a escala mundial y en México, y las propuestas de soluciones y alternativas viables que posibiliten enfrentar tan severa crisis. El XXIII Seminario de Economía Mexicana, organizado por el Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas de la Universidad Nacional autónoma de México, se realizó del 19 al 21 de noviembre de 2008

Dementia in Latin America : paving the way towards a regional action plan

Regional challenges faced by Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) to fight dementia, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instabilities, and socioeconomic disparities, can be addressed more effectively grounded in a collaborative setting based on the open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence-based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into actions with transformative power. Then, by characterizing genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions and mapping these to the above challenges, we provide the basic mosaics of knowledge that will pave the way towards a KtAF. We describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Measurement of the W gamma Production Cross Section in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV and Constraints on Effective Field Theory Coefficients

A fiducial cross section for W gamma production in proton-proton collisions is measured at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 137 fb(-1) of data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The W -> e nu and mu nu decay modes are used in a maximum-likelihood fit to the lepton-photon invariant mass distribution to extract the combined cross section. The measured cross section is compared with theoretical expectations at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. In addition, 95% confidence level intervals are reported for anomalous triple-gauge couplings within the framework of effective field theory.Peer reviewe

Search for top squark production in fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for production of the supersymmetric partners of the top quark, top squarks, is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collision events containing multiple jets, no leptons, and large transverse momentum imbalance. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). The targeted signal production scenarios are direct and gluino-mediated top squark production, including scenarios in which the top squark and neutralino masses are nearly degenerate. The search utilizes novel algorithms based on deep neural networks that identify hadronically decaying top quarks and W bosons, which are expected in many of the targeted signal models. No statistically significant excess of events is observed relative to the expectation from the standard model, and limits on the top squark production cross section are obtained in the context of simplified supersymmetric models for various production and decay modes. Exclusion limits as high as 1310 GeVare established at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the top squark for direct top squark production models, and as high as 2260 GeV on the mass of the gluino for gluino-mediated top squark production models. These results represent a significant improvement over the results of previous searches for supersymmetry by CMS in the same final state.Peer reviewe

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat