Bitki Büyümeyi Teşvik Edici Rizobakteri (PGPR) Uygulamalarının Kısıtlı Sulama Şartlarında Patlıcanda Bitki Gelişimi, Fizyolojisi, Biyokimyasal İçeriği ile Gen Ekspresyonu Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

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65 YAŞ ÜSTÜ BİREYLERDE İMMÜN KONTROL NOKTALARI VE KEMOKİN İMZASININ FRAİL, PRE-FRAİL, NON-FRAİL DURUMLARINA GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Bu çalışma, ileri yaş bireylerde bağışıklık sisteminde meydana gelen değişimlerin moleküler düzeyde anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle immün sistemin düzenleyici molekülleri olan İmmün Kontrol Noktaları ve kemokinler üzerine odaklanarak, yaşlanma süreciyle ilişkili bağışıklık dinamiklerinin ortaya konması hedeflenmektedir.Çalışmada; belirli yaş gruplarındaki bireylerin biyolojik örnekleri çeşitli moleküler ve hücresel analiz yöntemleriyle değerlendirilecek, elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilerek bağışıklık profilleri arasındaki farklılıklar ortaya konacaktır. Kullanılan yöntemler sayesinde hem gen düzeyinde hem de protein düzeyinde kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapılması planlanmaktadır.Bu araştırmadan elde edilecek bulguların, yaşla ilişkili immün değişiklikleri daha derinlemesine anlamaya katkı sunmasının yanı sıra, yaşlı bireylerde bağışıklık sistemine yönelik yenilikçi tedavi ve izlem stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine zemin hazırlaması beklenmektedir.This study aims to contribute to the understanding of age-related alterations in the immune system at a molecular level in elderly individuals. Specifically, it focuses on immune checkpoint molecules and chemokine signatures, which are key regulators of immune responses, to elucidate the immunological dynamics associated with the aging process.Within the scope of the research, biological samples obtained from individuals in distinct age groups will be analyzed using various molecular and cellular techniques. The data collected will be subjected to statistical analyses in order to identify significant immunological differences across the age spectrum. The combination of gene and protein expression profiling is expected to provide a comprehensive view of the aging immune landscape.Findings from this study are anticipated to enhance our understanding of immunosenescence and support the development of novel therapeutic and monitoring strategies targeting the immune system in elderly populations.</p

Copper-chitosan modified with Graphene oxide adsorbent for dispersive micro solid phase extraction of traces nickel from water and food samples

The current study presents a new insight into separation of Ni (II) by preconcentration method from water and food samples prior to atomic flame absorption spectrometry analysis. A Cu-chitosan modified Graphene oxide adsorbent was used for micro-solid phase extraction of Ni (II). The synthesized nanocomposite was subjected to characterization by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscope), SEM-EDX (Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis to confirm the qualitative characteristics of the material prior to extraction process. Crucial analytical parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption studies and sample volume were investigated and optimized. The quantitative recoveries (95 %) and relative standard deviation below 5 % were obtained. The Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.072 mg kg−1 and 0.239 mg kg−1 respectively. To determine the greenness of the process two analytical parameters were tested, namely, analytical GREENness and AGREEprep, resulting in 0.73 and 0.70 respective grades. The proposed method presents a moderate eco-friendly and facile process. The preconcentration factor obtained for Ni (II) was 40. To validate the effectiveness of this work, the dµ-SPE method was applied to two different standard reference materials, BCR-701 lake sediment (Belgium) and TMDA-54–6 (Canada) certified water reference material

Differential expression of VGLUT1, GAD65, GAD67, and MAP2 in the retina of hibernating Anatolian ground squirrel<i> (Spermophilus</i><i> xanthoprymnus)</i>

The Anatolian ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) offers a valuable model for investigating neuroadaptive processes in the retina during hibernation. This study aimed to assess the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoforms GAD65 and GAD67, and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in the retina during pre-hibernation and hibernation states. Retinal tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and densitometric quantification. VGLUT1 expression remained stable in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) but was significantly reduced in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) during hibernation, indicating a selective downregulation of excitatory transmission between bipolar and ganglion cells. GAD65 showed widespread distribution across retinal synaptic layers and optic fibers in pre-hibernation but declined markedly during hibernation, consistent with reduced activity-dependent GABAergic signaling. In contrast, GAD67 immunoreactivity increased in the inner nuclear layer, suggesting a shift toward sustained basal inhibitory tone that may support synaptic stability during metabolic suppression. MAP2 immunoreactivity increased in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) but decreased in the photoreceptor layer (PRL) during hibernation. This shift in distribution suggests cytoskeletal reorganization in second-order neurons and reduced physiological activity in photoreceptor terminals under metabolic suppression. Together, the modulation of excitatory (VGLUT1), inhibitory (GAD65/67), and cytoskeletal (MAP2) markers suggest that the hibernating retina undergoes structural and functional adaptations aimed at preserving neural circuitry under metabolic suppression