Siembra de girasol consociado con leguminosas : Capacidad supresiva del sistema cultivado como alternativa de manejo agroecológico de malezas

Se evaluó el rendimiento del girasol consociado con tres leguminosas forrajeras diferentes y la capacidad supresiva del sistema cultivado sobre las malezas en Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los tratamientos fueron: girasol en monocultura con y sin uso de herbicida, girasol consociado con Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L. o Lotus corniculatus L. sembradas éstas leguminosas a dos densidades y la comunidad vegetal espontánea. El rendimiento en grano del girasol fue semejante entre tratamientos. En todas las consociaciones la biomasa de las malezas fue entre 55-64% menor con respecto al monocultivo de girasol sin herbicidas, tratamiento que tuvo un rendimiento relativo de las malezas mayor al resto. La consociación girasol - Trifolium pratense L. fue el sistema con mayor capacidad supresiva de malezas, por lo que dicha consociación puede considerarse como una herramienta que aporta al manejo agroecológico de malezas.The performance of intercropping sunflower with three forage legumes, sown in two densities, and the suppressive capacity of this system on weeds grown in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were evaluated in this study. The treatments were: sunflower in monoculture with and without herbicide, intercropping sunflower with Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L. or Lotus corniculatus L. sown in two densities, and the naturally occurring vegetation. Grain yield Sunflower was similar among all treatments. In Sunflower-Leguminous systems weed biomass was between 55-64% lower than that produced by the sunflower´s monoculture without herbicides, treatment with a higher relative yield of the others one. In mixtures with Trifolium pratense L. was greater weed suppressive capacity of the system, so that consociation can be considered a tool for the sustainable management of weeds.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológicaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Siembra de girasol consociado con leguminosas : Capacidad supresiva del sistema cultivado como alternativa de manejo agroecológico de malezas

Se evaluó el rendimiento del girasol consociado con tres leguminosas forrajeras diferentes y la capacidad supresiva del sistema cultivado sobre las malezas en Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los tratamientos fueron: girasol en monocultura con y sin uso de herbicida, girasol consociado con Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L. o Lotus corniculatus L. sembradas éstas leguminosas a dos densidades y la comunidad vegetal espontánea. El rendimiento en grano del girasol fue semejante entre tratamientos. En todas las consociaciones la biomasa de las malezas fue entre 55-64% menor con respecto al monocultivo de girasol sin herbicidas, tratamiento que tuvo un rendimiento relativo de las malezas mayor al resto. La consociación girasol - Trifolium pratense L. fue el sistema con mayor capacidad supresiva de malezas, por lo que dicha consociación puede considerarse como una herramienta que aporta al manejo agroecológico de malezas.The performance of intercropping sunflower with three forage legumes, sown in two densities, and the suppressive capacity of this system on weeds grown in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were evaluated in this study. The treatments were: sunflower in monoculture with and without herbicide, intercropping sunflower with Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L. or Lotus corniculatus L. sown in two densities, and the naturally occurring vegetation. Grain yield Sunflower was similar among all treatments. In Sunflower-Leguminous systems weed biomass was between 55-64% lower than that produced by the sunflower´s monoculture without herbicides, treatment with a higher relative yield of the others one. In mixtures with Trifolium pratense L. was greater weed suppressive capacity of the system, so that consociation can be considered a tool for the sustainable management of weeds.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológicaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Characteristics and predictors of death among 4035 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain.

To analyse the characteristics and predictors of death in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Spain. A retrospective observational study was performed of the first consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 confirmed by real-time PCR assay in 127 Spanish centres until 17 March 2020. The follow-up censoring date was 17 April 2020. We collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment and complications data. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with death. Of the 4035 patients, male subjects accounted for 2433 (61.0%) of 3987, the median age was 70 years and 2539 (73.8%) of 3439 had one or more comorbidity. The most common symptoms were a history of fever, cough, malaise and dyspnoea. During hospitalization, 1255 (31.5%) of 3979 patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, 736 (18.5%) of 3988 were admitted to intensive care units and 619 (15.5%) of 3992 underwent mechanical ventilation. Virus- or host-targeted medications included lopinavir/ritonavir (2820/4005, 70.4%), hydroxychloroquine (2618/3995, 65.5%), interferon beta (1153/3950, 29.2%), corticosteroids (1109/3965, 28.0%) and tocilizumab (373/3951, 9.4%). Overall, 1131 (28%) of 4035 patients died. Mortality increased with age (85.6% occurring in older than 65 years). Seventeen factors were independently associated with an increased hazard of death, the strongest among them including advanced age, liver cirrhosis, low age-adjusted oxygen saturation, higher concentrations of C-reactive protein and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Our findings provide comprehensive information about characteristics and complications of severe COVID-19, and may help clinicians identify patients at a higher risk of death

Contribuições da Sociologia na América Latina à imaginação sociológica: análise, crítica e compromisso social Sociology's contribution in Latin America to sociological imagination: analysis, critique, and social commitment

O artigo aborda o papel desempenhado pela Sociologia na análise dos processos de transformação das sociedades latino-americanas, no acompanhamento do processo de construção do Estado e da Nação, na problematização das questões sociais na América Latina. São analisados seis períodos na Sociologia na América Latina e no Caribe: I) a herança intelectual da Sociologia ; II) a sociologia da cátedra; III) O período da "Sociologia Científica" e a configuração da "Sociologia Crítica"; IV) a crise institucional, a consolidação da "Sociologia Crítica" e a diversificação da sociologia; V) a sociologia do autoritarismo, da democracia e da exclusão; VI) a consolidação institucional e a mundialização da sociologia da América Latina (desde o ano de 2000), podendo-se afirmar que os traços distintivos do saber sociológico no continente foram: o internacionalismo, o hibridismo, a abordagem crítica dos processos e conflitos das sociedades latino-americanas e o compromisso social do sociólogo.<br>The article focuses on the role played by Sociology in the analysis of processes of change in Latin American societies, in the process of construction of Nation and State, in the debate of social issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Six periods in Sociology in Latin America and the Caribbean are examined: I) sociology's intellectual legacy; II) sociology as a cathedra; III) the period of "Scientific Sociology"; IV) the institutional crisis, the consolidation of "Critical Sociology", and the diversifying of sociology; V) sociology of authoritarianism, democracy and exclusion; VI) institutional consolidation and globalization of Latin American sociology (since 2000). It may be said that the distinctive features of sociological knowledge in the continent were: internationalism, hybridism, the critical approach to processes and conflicts of Latin American societies, and the sociologist social commitment