Effectiveness of Circadian countermeasures in simulated transmeridian flight schedules

The symptoms of jet-lag commonly afflict travelers who cross time zones. Insomnia during the new night, daytime fatigue, malaise, sleepiness, and gastrointestinal disturbances can occur for as long as 3 weeks after jet travel across even a few time zones. These symptoms are largely due to the slow rate of adjustment of the internal circadian timing system to the new time zone. Since business (or pleasure) can be seriously interrupted by such symptoms, it is important to determine ways to speed up the adjustment process to ameliorate the symptoms. Airline pilots have reported that they frequently nap to counter jet lag symptoms, and that they view this as a useful technique. Napping as a countermeasure would be attractive since it is practical and would take advantage of a naturally occurring phase of sleepiness after lunch. Napping also makes sense since insomnia is a common jet lag symptom. Thus, a laboratory simulation of jet lag was designed to test the ability of napping to increase the rate of adjustment following a time zone shift in a population of middle-aged men

Cardiovascular Disease: Analyzing Primary and Secondary Prevention Strategies

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single most common cause of death around the world, with an increasing number of people living with coronary heart disease (CHD) (Anderson et al., 2016). Smoking and tobacco use are major risk factors for CVD and are the leading preventable causes of death globally. The chance of developing CVD is reversible and the elimination of tobacco use after a heart attack can reduce an individual\u27s risk of CVD mortality by 36% over two years (Rigotti & Clari, 2013). Smoking cessation is the central element of primary and secondary prevention strategies. Primary interventions can include aspirin and statin therapy, while secondary preventions include, but are not limited to, exercise-based rehabilitation and psychosocial interventions. The purpose of this project is to determine whether primary or secondary interventions are more effective in reducing the risk of developing CVD. To answer the clinical question, a thorough review of the literature was organized in the databases, Cochrane Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, CINAHL, and PubMed Clinical Queries. The search yielded relevant sources of evidence which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Evidence included systematic reviews and randomized control trials. The findings regarding the best interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease will be presented. These findings will assist healthcare providers in implementing the best quality of care to their patients

Librarians, Put on Your Boxing Gloves: Some Things Are Worth Fighting For

During a time when library budgets are being cut, it is very possible for librarians to give up the fight and focus their attention on acquiring only the “necessary” items. Some Indiana library media specialists (LMS) might determine non-fiction books to support research and enough Young Hoosier titles to participate in the Indiana Library Federation’s recreational reading program as necessities. While at the same time, other LMS in our state are fighting in a larger boxing ring: one where the match is on an even more personal level. They are trying to convince administrators not to make them a part of the special teaching rotation because of the impact of flexible scheduling, or worse, librarians are trying to convince administrators that library media centers (LMC) do not reach their greatest achievement when librarian positions are axed and paraprofessionals administer the library

Optimal Treatment for Decreasing Re-Dislocation Rate Following Primary Patellar Dislocation

https://openriver.winona.edu/urc2018/1118/thumbnail.jp

Characterization of Manganese-Induced Neurodegenration in C. elegans Treated with Winterberry Leaf Extract

Neurodegeneration is a condition present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in which the cells of the nervous system experience loss of function and death. Around the world, each year PD and AD affect 6.2 million and 29.8 million people, respectively, with the exact causes remaining unknown. Manganese (Mn) is a transition metal which is essential for human survival in trace concentrations. However, overexposure to Mn can induce neurodegeneration through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the eventual onset of oxidative stress. An extract produced from winterberry leaves (Ilex verticillata) exhibits antioxidant properties as it has been shown to protect against Mn-induced oxidative stress in the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. Due to this observed response in C. elegans, it was hypothesized that the winterberry leaf extract (WLE) could offer protection against neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons. To evaluate dopaminergic integrity and its effect on nematode behavior, a wild-type C. elegans strain was treated with several concentrations of WLE and manganese chloride (MnCl2). A motility assay with the wild-type N2 worm strain was anticipated to produce a dose-dependent increase in movement upon treatment with WLE. Mn-exposed worms pre-treated with WLE were expected to also have an increase in movement. In a 1-nonanol dopamine-dependent repulsion assay, worms pre-treated with WLE were predicted to repulse faster from 1-nonanol exposure compared to Mn-treated worms. The expected results of a progeny assay would show that pre-treatment of worms with WLE would increase the percentage of hatched progeny compared to the Mn control. Overall, our hypothesis is that pre-treatment with WLE may offer C. elegans protection against Mn-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and merits further exploration as a potential alternative medicine which could be used to treat people affected by neurodegenerative disorders

Cognitive style and auditory discrimination of the disadvantaged child

The primary purpose of this paper was to present an overview of some of the most significant research on the cognitive learning style of the disadvantaged child and a related cognitive learning deficit, auditory discrimination. A secondary purpose of this study was to show that schools are often geared to the values and apparent needs of middle class life and are unresponsive to the different needs of disadvantaged children