Monitoring of ultrafine particles in French regional air quality network

Monitoring of ultrafine particles (UFP) in the ambient air is ongoing since 2012 in France. A national working group was created in 2014, including nowadays five French regional air quality monitoring networks. The main instrument selected to monitor UFP is the particle sizer “UFP-3031” (TSI Inc.). It measures the particle number concentration between 20 and 800 nm with six size channels. Two intercomparisons were organized in 2014 and 2015, which evaluated the accuracy of this instrument through a comparison with other techniques (such as Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, SMPS), and through uncertainty calculations. Recently, several networks have been also equipped with CPC (condensation particle counter) to be able to measure the total UFP number concentration from 7 nm. This work presents the main results of short and long-term measurement of UFP which have been carried out in various environments: urban/traffic sites, near heavy industry zones (Dunkerque and Fos-sur-Mer in northern and southern France, respectively), near harbor area (Nice)… For urban/ traffic environment, the number concentration and size distribution are compared at the national level; it appears that they vary significantly depending on the influence of road traffic around the site. The concentration levels near traffic sites are at least twice than in the urban area, especially for UFP smaller than 50 nm. Additionally, the UFP measurement also makes it possible to improve the identification of specific sources and to understand the atmospheric physicochemical phenomena. The relationship between UFP and industrial emissions, ferries, forest fires was clearly identified in different places in France. During summer, the UFP monitoring also shows the formation of new particles (between 20-30 nm or smaller) in the afternoon, due to photochemical reactions. From 2019, the French national strategy on UFP will start putting a particular emphasis on the impact of UFP on human health

Response of wild bee diversity, abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter-row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe

Agricultural intensification is a major driver of wild bee decline. Vineyards may be inhabited by plant and animal species, especially when the inter-row space is vegetated with spontaneous vegetation or cover crops. Wild bees depend on floral resources and suitable nesting sites which may be found in vineyard inter-rows or in viticultural landscapes. Inter-row vegetation is managed by mulching, tillage, and/or herbicide application and results in habitat degradation when applied intensively. Here, we hypothesize that lower vegetation management intensities, higher floral resources, and landscape diversity affect wild bee diversity and abundance dependent on their functional traits. We sampled wild bees semi-quantitatively in 63 vineyards representing different vegetation management intensities across Europe in 2016. A proxy for floral resource availability was based on visual flower cover estimations. Management intensity was assessed by vegetation cover (%) twice a year per vineyard. The Shannon Landscape Diversity Index was used as a proxy for landscape diversity within a 750 m radius around each vineyard center point. Wild bee communities were clustered by country. At the country level, between 20 and 64 wild bee species were identified. Increased floral resource availability and extensive vegetation management both affected wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards strongly positively. Increased landscape diversity had a small positive effect on wild bee diversity but compensated for the negative effect of low floral resource availability by increasing eusocial bee abundance. We conclude that wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards is efficiently promoted by increasing floral resources and reducing vegetation management frequency. High landscape diversity further compensates for low floral resources in vineyards and increases pollinating insect abundance in viticulture landscapes.AustrianScienceFund,Grant/AwardNumber:I2044-B25;BundesministeriumfürBildungundForschung;UnitateaExecutivapentruFinantareaInvatamantuluiSuperior,aCercetarii,DezvoltariisiInovarii;MinisteriodeEconomíayCompetitividad;AgenceNationaledelaRecherchePeer Reviewe

Advances in Electronic-Nose Technologies Developed for Biomedical Applications

The research and development of new electronic-nose applications in the biomedical field has accelerated at a phenomenal rate over the past 25 years. Many innovative e-nose technologies have provided solutions and applications to a wide variety of complex biomedical and healthcare problems. The purposes of this review are to present a comprehensive analysis of past and recent biomedical research findings and developments of electronic-nose sensor technologies, and to identify current and future potential e-nose applications that will continue to advance the effectiveness and efficiency of biomedical treatments and healthcare services for many years. An abundance of electronic-nose applications has been developed for a variety of healthcare sectors including diagnostics, immunology, pathology, patient recovery, pharmacology, physical therapy, physiology, preventative medicine, remote healthcare, and wound and graft healing. Specific biomedical e-nose applications range from uses in biochemical testing, blood-compatibility evaluations, disease diagnoses, and drug delivery to monitoring of metabolic levels, organ dysfunctions, and patient conditions through telemedicine. This paper summarizes the major electronic-nose technologies developed for healthcare and biomedical applications since the late 1980s when electronic aroma detection technologies were first recognized to be potentially useful in providing effective solutions to problems in the healthcare industry

3-and 3,4-substituted pyrroles and thiophenes and their corresponding polymers: a review

In the field of conducting polymers, both poly(pyrrole) and poly(thiophene) have been investigated extensively and are used currently in a wide variety of applications including microelectronics, electrode materials, sensors and optoelectronics. Amongst these polymers, 3- and 3,4- substituted poly(pyrroles) and poly(thiophenes) have received significant attention in recent years as demonstrated by the increase in the number of patents and publications that describe their use. This review covers the development in the synthesis of 3- and 3,4- Substituted poly(pyrroles) and poly(thiophenes) over the last 30 years, their polymerisation in addition to describing the material properties and applications of the resulting polymers. In particular, this review focuses upon the variety of methodologies employed for the synthesis of 3- and 3,4-substituted pyrroles and thiophenes as well as upon the broad range of functional groups that can be attached to the heterocyclic ring system in order to tailor the properties of the resulting polymers

Etude et realisation d'une machine parallele a base de transputers pour le calcul d'images de synthese

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 79283 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

The synthesis of novel conducting polymers and their application as gas sensitive resistors

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Les approches familiales dans la prise en charge des patients présentant une psychose débutante (état des lieux en 2011)

L'émergence de la psychose chez un sujet jeune constitue un véritable bouleversement dans son quotidien mais aussi dans celui de son entourage. De nombreuses études ont été menées sur l'influence du travail avec les familles au cours de la prise en charge de patients psychotiques. Elles ont montré leur efficacité. Le consensus francais sur les schizophrénies débutantes, paru en 2003, déplore la faible utilisation de ces approches en France et préconise l'instauration d'un travail avec les familles dés le debut des troubles. Les approches familiales se caractérisent par leur diversité. Il n'existe pas de recommandation précise sur le type d approche familiale à utiliser dans les psychoses débutantes. Une revue de la littérature sur le sujet permet de préciser les concepts de "psychose débutante" et d'"approches familiales" puis de faire le point sur les particularités du travail avec les familles dans le cadre des psychoses débutantes. Une enquête nationale a été réalisée auprès des praticiens hospitaliers-chefs de secteurs de psychiatrie adulte afin d'établir un état des lieux de ces pratiques en France mais aussi pour connaître le point de vue des psychiatres sur ces pratiques. Le taux de réponse est de 25,4%. 77% des répondants proposent des approches familiales. L'enquête montre une évolution des pratiques mais 80% des psychiatres répondants considèrent encore cet accompagnement comme insuflisant. Ce travail permet, par ailleurs, de mettre en évidence certains obstacles à l'instauration de ces prises en charge, malgré les bénéfices qu'elles peuvent apporter a ces jeunes patients.BREST-BU Médecine-Odontologie (290192102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Transdisciplinary BioBlitz project at the Biological Field Station of Paimpont opens new research opportunities

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