On the Kimmeridgian (Jurassic) succession of the Normandy coast, northern France

Kimmeridgian rocks crop out on the Normandy coast north and south of the Seine Estuary at Le Havre in a series of small foreshore and cliff exposures separated by beach deposits and landslips. A total thickness of about 45 m of richly fossiliferous strata is exposed, ranging from the base of the Baylei Zone to the middle part of the Eudoxus Zone. The sections are mostly unprotected by sea-defence works and are subject to rapid marine erosion and renewal. Taken together, the Normandy exposures currently provide a more complete section through the low and middle parts of the Kimmeridgian Stage than any natural English section, including those of the Dorset type area. Descriptions and a stratigraphical interpretation of the Normandy sections are presented that enable the faunal collections to be placed in their regional chronostratigraphical context. The Kimmeridgian succession at outcrop on the Normandy coast contains numerous sedimentary breaks marked by erosion, hardground and omission surfaces. Some of these are disconformities that give rise to rapid lateral variations in the succession: biostratigraphical studies need, therefore, to be carried out with particular care

The stratigraphy of the Penarth Group (Late Triassic) of the East Devon coast

The cliff and foreshore exposures in the Devon part of the Dorset and East Devon Coast World Heritage Site expose an unbroken late Triassic to early Jurassic succession. The change from the terrestrial, red-bed facies of the Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group to the fully marine conditions of the Jurassic Lias Group takes place via the Penarth Group, a succession of mudstones, siltstones and limestones deposited in lagoonal and sheltered shallow-marine environments of varying salinities. The Penarth Group as currently defined is divided into the Westbury Formation overlain by the Lilstock Formation, based on type sections in the Severn Estuary area. The lithology and sedimentology of the Westbury Formation strata exposed on the east Devon coast are closely comparable with those of the type area, but those of the Lilstock Formation are not. It is therefore proposed on lithological and historical grounds that this formation should be replaced by a Cotham Formation overlain by a White Lias Formation. This would reinstate, without any change in their original definitions, two of the oldest formally defined stratigraphical names in the British Phanerozoic. All three formations are lithologically distinctive, and are separated from their neighbours by erosion surfaces that represent non-sequences. Those at the bases of the Westbury and Cotham formations are overlain by pebble beds rich in vertebrate remains (‘bone beds’). The Cotham Formation is a highly condensed succession comprised of thinly interbedded mudstones and limestones with ripple trains, stromatolites, desiccated surfaces and slumped beds, the last of which have been attributed to earthquakes or a bolide impact. The limestones of the White Lias Formation exposed on the east Devon coast are sedimentologically complex with channels, slumps and desiccated surfaces. The position of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary is currently under review. Possible positions include the base of the Cotham Formation, a horizon within the formation, the base of the White Lias, the base of the overlying Blue Lias Formation or a horizon within the Blue Lias Formation

The distribution of the ammonite Gravesia (Salfeld, 1913) in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Late Jurassic) in Britain

Species of the ammonite Gravesia (Salfeld, 1913) have a widespread distribution in Europe over a relatively narrow stratigraphical range in the late Kimmeridgian and early Tithonian stages. The genus is a warm-water form that reaches its maximum stratigraphical range in the Submediterranean faunal province in central France and south Germany where six species have been recognised. Four of these, G. gigas (Zieten, 1830), G. gravesiana (d’Orbigny, 1850), G. irius (d’Orbigny, 1850) and G. lafauriana Hantzpergue, 1987 have been recorded in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation. A few examples have been found in cored boreholes, but most have come from the cliff and foreshore outcrops at Brandy Bay and Kimmeridge Bay in Dorset. The distribution of Gravesia in Britain is mostly restricted to the more calcareous parts of the succession where they represent migrations of a warmer water fauna into a region in which the ammonite assemblages were dominated by Subboreal forms of Aulacostephanus and Pectinatites. The palaeogeography of the late Jurassic in central and North West Europe comprised relatively small land areas separated by seaways that became progressively more restricted with time. In late Kimmeridgian and early Tithonian/Volgian times, migrations of warmer- and cooler-water ammonites through these seaways gave rise to mixed assemblages that enable correlations to be made between the local zonal schemes in the Submediterranean and Subboreal faunal provinces. Gravesia is one of the few ammonites that has a stratigraphical range that crosses the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian and Kimmeridgian-Volgian boundaries, and which has a large geographical distribution which includes much of North West and Central Europe and as far east as the Subarctic Urals. The known distribution of the genus in Britain is summarised herein, along with the first detailed account of its occurrence in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation in the Dorset type section

Partizipative Entwicklung und Durchführung von Interventionsprogrammen zur Veränderung des Ernährungs- und Bewegungsverhaltens

Participation and empowerment are important components in intervention studies, in order to establish participant satisfaction and to strengthen sustainability. These important aspects were already mentioned in the Ottawa Charter (ratified in 1986). So far, participatory research methods are widely used especially in Anglo-American and Scandinavian countries. Thus, the transfer of scientifically proven participatory research methods to the German setting is recommended. In addition, the adaptation of evidence-based, theory-driven and quality-ensured projects is requested for local settings. The main scientific theme of this cumulative thesis is the analysis and evaluation of participation as a core element in prevention and health promotion studies. The thesis is based on two studies, IDEFICS and OptimaHl 60plus â in both the intervention was developed and implemented in a participatory way. An important aspect of both interventions is the change of dietary and physical activity behaviour through a structural and behavioural prevention. Diet and physical activity in children (IDEFICS-study) and older adults (OptimaHl 60plus) play a vital role to be healthy and active and to ultimately stay autonomous. A balanced diet and sufficient physical activity give the opportunity to reduce risk factors and prevent diseases. The background and findings of this research are presented in five chapters. After a short introduction and the description of the scientific background (Chapter 1), the following two chapters present the participatory development and implementation of interventions to change the health behaviour (Chapter 2) and the participatory recruitment to interventions (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 comprises two articles on the evaluation of interventions that were developed in a participatory way. Chapter 5 discusses the findings and draws conclusions. The findings of this thesis show that scientifically proven participatory aspects can successfully be transferred to the German setting. Participatory research methods (such as focus groups) were applied in both studies (Chapter 2). An intervention mapping protocol was used to ensure that the two interventions were developed using a theory-driven and participatory approach (Chapter 2). The evidence-base of both studies as well as of the given intervention recommendations is ensured (Chapters 1, 5). Furthermore, participation is an important aspect in the recruitment and compliance of study participants â as described in detail in Chapter 3. It is also possible to evaluate interventions applying participatory measures. However, in both studies a participatory evaluation was not aimed for because this could possibly have jeopardised the scientific objectivity and publication of results (Chapter 5). Participation in intervention development and implementation is desirable. However, as part of the evaluation it bears potential hazards. Going beyond this general conclusion, some recommendations for future studies as well as implications for research, practice and politics are outlined in Chapter 5

The Destruction of the Islamic State of Being, Its Replacement in the Being of the State: Algeria 1830-47

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this record.If settler colonies are driven by the impulse of destroying to replace, what was destroyed and how was it replaced in Algeria? This article shows how an Islamic state of being was replaced by the being of the state in the 1830s and the ‘40s; a transformation largely achieved through complementary strategies of spectacular and slow violence, ranging from annihilatory massacres to the seizure of the productive capacity of peoples and their lands. By listening attentively to indigenous writers such as Hamdan Khodja and Ahmed Bey, alongside the banal details of the making of empire found in archival documents, a new picture of the development of ‘Algeria’ emerges, along with its significance in world history

Zen history

Given that historians have a voracious interest in studying the distinctiveness of cultures aross the world and across time, why do they have so little interest in learning or borrowing from the temporal and historical cultures of those places? This essay offers a practical case study of Buddhism, looking both at the richness and radical difference of Buddhist temporalities, as well as asking how these ideas might be used by modern writers to make histories. Its special focus is on the Theravada and Māhāyana traditions, and, most especially, Zen. Through studies of Zen time texts, I conclude that an appreciation of Buddhist ‘history’ on its own terms might entail an abandonment of almost all the central premises of empirical history. This might become one starting point for the globalisation of History

The lexical violence of imperial culture

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this recordThis article studies the history of a single word and its movement from pre-Islamic Arabia to the languages of modern Europe. It focuses on the key moment of the early nineteenth century when the Arabic ‘ghazwā’ served as the root and model of the French ‘razzia’ in the early Algerian colony. Tracing the history of the ghazwā through Islamic history and its subsequent emergence in Romance forms, the essay is comparative in the sense that it asks what happens in the movement of ideas and practices through loanwords. It suggests that the violence of modern empire was linguistic in a sense which encompasses the connections between thoughts, words and deeds, whilst critiquing literatures on lexical borrowing which tend to assume the innocence of linguistic exchange. A broader conclusion on transnational history is essayed through a consideration of the razzia in the context of the so-called ‘langue franque’: that métissage of Romance languages and Arabic which prevailed amongst traders across the Mediterranean in the early modern period, and which disappeared in the imperial Mediterranean of the nineteenth century