Desenvolvimento de biscoitos integrais à base de farinha de alfarroba como uma alternativa para substituição do cacau em pó

Carob powder, made from the fruit of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.), which is native to the Mediterranean region, is considered a healthy product with a high nutritional value, and it can be used as a substitute for cocoa powder in the production of food. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to develop whole carob powder cookies as an alternative to cocoa powder, verifying its nutritional properties, physical changes and acceptability. The cookies were developed using the standard cocoa recipe, and three formulations were prepared with carob instead of cocoa in proportions of 100%, 50% and 25%. This substitution promoted physical alterations in the products, a decrease in the protein, carbohydrate, and total fat content, and an increase in fibers. The possible consumers were able to note a significant difference in the control difference test between the standard sample (100% cocoa) and sample III (the recipe with the lowest carob content), but the other items were statistically imperceptible. According to the analyses performed and the sensorial test, we verified that the replacement of cocoa by carob is feasible

O efeito do uso da melatonina no tratamento das doenças inflamatórias intestinais: uma revisão integrativa

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and the two most common types are Crohn's disease (DC) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both diseases have relapsing immune function. In the extreme context, a melatonin (LMT), is triggered enzymatically from L-tryptophan, has been shown to be a versatile hormone favorable in the treatment of DII disease. Based on the main complications associated with an IBD, the objective of this review is to integrate the decision-making of the main clinical actors related to the use of MLT in the treatment of Crohn's disease (DC) and ulcerative colitis (RCU). For that, an integrative review was performed considering the bibliographies selected in the main databases. The MLT appears to play a significant role in GIT, with no gastrointestinal side effects, with free radical effects, local anti-inflammatory activity, and a moderation of visceral. Thus, it appears to be a promising alternative in the treatment of IBD.Las Enfermedades Inflamatorias intestinales (DII) se caracterizan por la inflamación del tracto gastrointestinal y los dos tipos más comunes son: enfermedad de Crohn (DC) y Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU). Ambas enfermedades tienen por característica la activación inmune recidivante. En este contexto, la melatonina (MLT), un indol formado enzimáticamente a partir del L-triptófano, se ha mostrado como una hormona versátil favorable en el tratamiento de la enfermedad DII. Ante las principales complicaciones asociadas a DII, el objetivo de la presente revisión integrativa fue levantar los principales hallazgos científicos relacionados con el uso de la MLT en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn (DC) y Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU). Para ello, se realizó una revisión integrativa considerando bibliografías seleccionadas en las principales bases de datos. La MLT parece desempeñar un papel importante en el TGI, considerando efectos relacionados con la regulación de la motilidad gastrointestinal, eliminación de radicales libres, actividad antiinflamatoria local, así como la moderación de la sensación visceral. Así, parece ser una alternativa prometedora en el tratamiento de las DII.As Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (DII) se caracterizam pela inflamação do trato gastrointestinal e os dois tipos mais comuns são: doença de Crohn (DC) e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU). Ambas as doenças têm por característica a ativação imune recidivante. Dentro desse contexto, a melatonina (MLT), um indol formado enzimaticamente a partir do L-triptofano, tem se mostrado como um hormônio versátil favorável no tratamento da doença DII. Diante das principais complicações associadas a DII, o objetivo da presente revisão integrativa foi levantar os principais achados científicos relacionados ao uso da MLT no tratamento da DC e RCU. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa considerando-se bibliografias selecionadas nas principais bases de dados. A MLT parece desempenhar papel importante no TGI, considerando efeitos relacionados a regulação da motilidade gastrointestinal, eliminação de radicais livres, atividade anti-inflamatória local, bem como a moderação da sensação visceral. Assim, parece ser uma alternativa promissora no tratamento das DII

MANEJO DA RESSUSCITAÇÃO CARDIOPULMONAR NO NEONATO

INTRODUÇÃO: A ressucitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) neonatal é a aplicação de manobras que dever ser executada de forma eficaz quando diagnósticado a PCR, visando promover o aporte sanguineno apropriado para o cerebro e orgão vitais, sendo realizado o a frequencia e profunidade das compressões toracicas de forma que melhore a perfusão cardiaca e cerebral, que deve ser iniciada após a detecção precoce. OBJETIVOS: evidenciar as práticas de manejo da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar neonatal. MÉTODOS: Revisão integrativa, realizada com base na pergunta norteadora: " Qual o manejo para a ressucitação cardiopulmonar em neonatos?”, através de artigos em língua portuguesa e inglesa, publicados no período de 2018 a 2023, originados das bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO, BDENF-Enfermagem, LILACS. Realizou-se a coleta de dados em agosto de 2023. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída por 8 artigos, que denotaram um núcleo: Atuação da equipe na sala de parto no manejo da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em neonatos. CONCLUSÃO: As manobras de RCP, trouxe a percepção a importância dos profissionais em se atualizar, aumentando sua bagagem de conhecimento técnico-científico, a fim de proporcionar assistência adequada à RNs e suas famílias, para que, assim, alcance resultado eficaz em tempo reduzido, e promovendo a redução de complicações decorrentes a PCR

Uma revisão integrativa sobre a Colangite Biliar Primária

A colangite biliar primária, um novo nome para a cirrose biliar primária, é uma doença colestática de etiologia autoimune e representa a primeira causa de colestase intra-hepática. Caracteriza-se pela destruição de pequenos dutos biliares ligados à infiltração de linfócitos, com prevalência de 10 a 40 por 100.000 habitantes no mundo. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre novas informações a respeito da colangite biliar primária. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, selecionando artigos publicados nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. A partir da análise qualitativa dos dados, obteve-se como conclusão as seguintes descobertas: A PBC é um problema de saúde raro e mal diagnosticado; não há conhecimento ainda sobre as razões da predominância dessa da CBP em mulheres, resposta à terapêutica, distribuição geográfica e mortalidade entre sexos; os casos dessa doença são assintomáticos; a qualidade de vida dos pacientes é comprometida com o agravamento dos casos, onde apresentam inicialmente sinais de prurido (20 a 70% dos casos) e fadiga (entre 50% a 78% dos pacientes); exames de biópsica hepática podem ser tranquilamente substituídos por testes não-invasivos, em análises de rotina de bioquímica hepática; a possiblidade de diagnosticar a PBC pode ser diagnosticada partindo de fatores biológicos exclusivos que indicam a presença de anticorpos anti-mitocondriais e uma elevação da fosfatase alcalina. No entanto é quase possível que o PBC seja soronegativo; a etiologia da CBP não sendo encontra clara, sendo o tratamento difícil; em caso de tratamento, utiliza-se mais ursodesoxicólico, ácido biliar hidrofílico natural que bloqueia a síntese hepática do colesterol, estimulando a síntese de ácidos biliares e restaurando o equilíbrio entre esses

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

Gabrielle Varro, Claudine Philippe et Gérard Neyrand (sous la direction) Liberté, égalité, mixité... conjugales, 1998

Xavier De Brito Angela. Gabrielle Varro, Claudine Philippe et Gérard Neyrand (sous la direction) Liberté, égalité, mixité... conjugales, 1998. In: Hommes et Migrations, n°1219, Mai-juin 1999. Connaître et combattre les discriminations. pp. 132-134

A formação do esprit de Sion - Formation of sion`s spirit

Resumo A exemplo dos estabelecimentos de elite, Sion exerce sobre suas alunas um efeito de ordenação e de consagração, que tem por objetivo formar um grupo à parte, que faz corpo com a instituição. A "cultura escolar católica de tradição francesa" que anima as instituições femininas de ensino secundário no Brasil, em particular o Colégio Notre Dame de Sion, desenvolve em suas alunas um espírito de corpo específico, resultado de uma socialização conduzida num cotidiano altamente ritualizado. O presente artigo trata justamente de analisar as maneiras pelas quais se forma tal espírito de corpo. O esprit de Sion, espírito de corpo específico a Sion, vai assim ser formado através de rituais de identidade, rituais morais e rituais ligados à religião.Esse esprit de Sion vai conferir às alunas umhabitus, cujas estruturas estruturantes vão acompanhá-las até o fim da vida, contribuindo a assentar seu capital social, fazendo com que sejam reconhecidas em sociedade como enfants de Sion e se reconheçam entre si. Palavras-chave: cultura escolar católica de tradição francesa;espírito de corpo; enfants de Sion; esprit de Sion; rituais.   FORMATION OF SION`S SPIRIT Abstract Like elite’s establishments, Sion exerts on his/her female student’s ordinance and consecration effect with the objective to shape a distinctive group which becomes part of the institution body.“ Traditional French Catholic school culture” which liven up female high school in Brazil, particularly Colégio Notre Dame de Sion, develops in their female students a specific body spirit, resulting from socialization, conducted in highly ritualized daily routines. This article deals with analyzing the ways by which such body spirit is shaped, the esprit of Sion, spirit of body, specifically of Sion. Thus, it will be shaped through identity rituals, moral rituals and rituals related to religion. This Sion’s esprit will confer to classes a habitus whose structuralizing structures will follow for the rest of the life, contributing to settle its social assets, providing it to get social recognition as enfant of Sion and to be recognized by each other. Keywords: traditional French catholic school culture; body of spirit; enfant of Sion; esprit of Sion; rituals.   LA FORMACIÓN DEL ESPÍRITU DE SION Resumen A ejemplo de los establecimientos de elite, Sion ejerce sobre sus alumnas un efecto de ordenación y de consagración, que tiene por objetivo formar un grupo a parte, que hace cuerpo con la institución. La "cultura escolar católica de tradición francesa" que anima las instituciones femeninas de enseñanza secundaria en Brasil, en particular el Colégio Notre Dame de Sion, desenvuelve en sus alumnas un espíritu de cuerpo específico, resultado de una socialización conducida en un cotidiano altamente ritualizado. El presente artículo trata justamente de analizar las maneras por las cuales se forma tal espíritu de cuerpo. El esprit de Sion, espíritu de cuerpo específico a Sion, así será formado a través de rituales de identidad, rituales morales y rituales ligados a la religión. Ese esprit de Sion conferirá a las alumnas un habitus, cuyas estructuras “estruturantes” van a acompañarlas hasta el fin de la vida, contribuyendo a asentar su capital social, haciendo con que sean reconocidas en sociedad como infantes de Sion y se reconozcan entre si. Palabras-clave: cultura escolar católica de tradición francesa; espíritu de cuerpo; infantes de Sion; esprit de Sion; rituales.   LA FORMATION DE L’ESPRIT DE SION Résumé À l’exemple des établissements scolaires d’élite, Sion exerce sur sesélèves un effet d’ordre et de consécration, dont l’objectif est celui deformer un groupe à part, qui fait corps avec l’institution. La “culturescolaire catholique de tradition française”, qui anime les institutionsféminines d’enseignement secondaire au Brésil, particulièrement leCollège Notre Dame de Sion, développe chez ses élèves un esprit decorps spécifique, fruit d’une socialisation établie dans une viequotidienne très ritualisée. Cet article analyse les manières parlesquelles se forme un tel esprit de corps. L’esprit de Sion, l’esprit decorps spécifique à Sion, va donc être formé à travers des rituelsd’identité, des rituels moraux et des rituels liés à la religion. Cet espritde Sion va conférer aux élèves un habitus, dont les structures structurantes vont les accompagner à jamais, ce qui va fixer leur capital social, et les faire reconnaître par elles-mêmes et par la société comme des enfants de Sion. Mots-clé: culture scolaire catholique de tradition française; espritde corps; enfants de Sion; esprit de Sion; rituels.</p

Comment devient-on une congrégation enseignante ? Le cas de Notre-Dame de Sion

Despite a charisma directed towards the conversion of the Jews, the congregation of Our Lady of Zion acquired rather the reputation of being a full-fledged teaching congregation. This article tries to explain why the sisters of this congregation have built their work around boarding schools, why have they preferred to welcome the young inmates from the local elites and above all, how have they acquired the necessary skills and above all, the diplomas required to teach. The most arduous part of this research consisted in finding the indicators which could have enabled us to identify the educational level of the sisters. The empirical data on this subject are very scarce, since Zion’s sisters did not systematically store in their archives the documents on these subjects, as do the real teaching congregations. Only an extensive research on letters and diaries, and above all, in the contents of inscription books and menologies, allowed us to learn which sisters were entitled to an specific training and on which factors did their diplomas depend