Literaturauswahl und -bestellung leichter gemacht!

Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Mehrwertdienste und Unterstützungstools rund um die Literaturauswahl und den Bestellprozess vorgestellt, welche die Bearbeitung von elektronischen Erwerbungsunterlagen vereinfachen. Die vorgestellten Softwarewerkzeuge sind Eigenentwicklungen aus drei Bibliotheken und können durch andere Bibliotheken angepasst sowie nachgenutzt werden

Les paysages postmodernes de l'énergie en Rhénanie-Palatinat

L’expansion en Allemagne des systèmes de production énergétique décentralisés est à l’origine de  ce que l’on appelle des paysages de l’énergie postmodernes. Les éléments principaux de ces paysages sont les technologies des énergies renouvelables qui affectent fortement l’environnement comme la société. Notre article discutera de ce nouveau phénomène en présentant le cas de la Rhénanie-Palatinat.The expansion of decentralized energy supply units in Germany increasingly produces so called postmodern Renewable Energy landscapes. The key element of these landscapes is renewable energy technology which fundamentally affects the environment as well as society. Our paper will discuss this new phenomenon by presenting a case study of Rhineland-Palatinate.Der Ausbau dezentraler Energieversorgungseinheiten hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten in Deutschland einige Landschaften verändert und “postmoderne Energielandschaften” hinterlassen. Als die wesentlichen räumlichen Elemente dieser neuen Energielandschaften hat die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger vielfältige Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft und Umwelt. Der Beitrag setzt sich am Beispiel von Rheinland-Pfalz mit dem neuen Phänomen der Energielandschaft auseinander

Les paysages postmodernes de l'énergie en Rhénanie-Palatinat

L’expansion en Allemagne des systèmes de production énergétique décentralisés est à l’origine de  ce que l’on appelle des paysages de l’énergie postmodernes. Les éléments principaux de ces paysages sont les technologies des énergies renouvelables qui affectent fortement l’environnement comme la société. Notre article discutera de ce nouveau phénomène en présentant le cas de la Rhénanie-Palatinat.The expansion of decentralized energy supply units in Germany increasingly produces so called postmodern Renewable Energy landscapes. The key element of these landscapes is renewable energy technology which fundamentally affects the environment as well as society. Our paper will discuss this new phenomenon by presenting a case study of Rhineland-Palatinate.Der Ausbau dezentraler Energieversorgungseinheiten hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten in Deutschland einige Landschaften verändert und “postmoderne Energielandschaften” hinterlassen. Als die wesentlichen räumlichen Elemente dieser neuen Energielandschaften hat die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger vielfältige Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft und Umwelt. Der Beitrag setzt sich am Beispiel von Rheinland-Pfalz mit dem neuen Phänomen der Energielandschaft auseinander

An Off-center Density Peak in the Milky Way's Dark Matter Halo?

We show that the position of the central dark matter density peak may be expected to differ from the dynamical center of the Galaxy by several hundred parsec. In Eris, a high resolution cosmological hydrodynamics simulation of a realistic Milky-Way-analog disk galaxy, this offset is 300 - 400 pc (~3 gravitational softening lengths) after z=1. In its dissipationless dark-matter-only twin simulation ErisDark, as well as in the Via Lactea II and GHalo simulations, the offset remains below one softening length for most of its evolution. The growth of the DM offset coincides with a flattening of the central DM density profile in Eris inwards of ~1 kpc, and the direction from the dynamical center to the point of maximum DM density is correlated with the orientation of the stellar bar, suggesting a bar-halo interaction as a possible explanation. A dark matter density offset of several hundred parsec greatly affects expectations of the dark matter annihilation signals from the Galactic Center. It may also support a dark matter annihilation interpretation of recent reports by Weniger (2012) and Su & Finkbeiner (2012) of highly significant 130 GeV gamma-ray line emission from a region 1.5 degrees (~200 parsec projected) away from Sgr A* in the Galactic plane.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, replaced with version accepted for publication in Ap

Angular momentum and galaxy formation revisited

Motivated by new kinematic data in the outer parts of early-type galaxies (ETGs), we re-examine angular momentum (AM) in all galaxy types. We present methods for estimating the specific AM j, focusing on ETGs, to derive relations between stellar j_* and mass M_* (after Fall 1983). We perform analyses of 8 galaxies out to ~10 R_e, finding that data at 2 R_e are sufficient to estimate total j_*. Our results contravene suggestions that ellipticals (Es) harbor large reservoirs of hidden j_* from AM transport in major mergers. We carry out a j_*-M_* analysis of literature data for ~100 nearby bright galaxies of all types. The Es and spirals form parallel j_*-M_* tracks, which for spirals is like the Tully-Fisher relation, but for Es derives from a mass-size-rotation conspiracy. The Es contain ~3-4 times less AM than equal-mass spirals. We decompose the spirals into disks+bulges and find similar j_*-M_* trends to spirals and Es overall. The S0s are intermediate, and we propose that morphological types reflect disk/bulge subcomponents following separate j_*-M_* scaling relations -- providing a physical motivation for characterizing galaxies by mass and bulge/disk ratio. Next, we construct idealized cosmological models of AM content, using a priori estimates of dark matter halo spin and mass. We find that the scatter in halo spin cannot explain the spiral/E j_* differences, but the data are matched if the galaxies retained different fractions of initial j (~60% and ~10%). We consider physical mechanisms for j_* and M_* evolution (outflows, stripping, collapse bias, merging), emphasizing that the vector sum of such processes must produce the observed j_*-M_* relations. A combination of early collapse and multiple mergers (major/minor) may account for the trend for Es. More generally, the observed AM variations represent fundamental constraints for any galaxy formation model.Comment: ApJS, in press, 61 pages, 34 figures, abstract abridge

Приватизация жилья в России

textabstractIt has long been established that hyperthermia increases the therapeutic benefit of radiation and chemotherapy in cancer treatment. During the last few years there have been substantial technical improvements in the sources used to apply and measure heat, which greatly increases enthusiasm for the clinical use of hyperthermia. These advances are converging with a better understanding of the physiological and molecular effects of hyperthermia. Therefore, we are now at a juncture where the parameters that will influence the efficacy of hyperthermia in cancer treatment can be optimised in a more systematic and rational manner. In addition, the novel insights in hyperthermia’s many biological effects on tumour cells will ultimately result in new treatment regimes. For example, the molecular effects of hyperthermia on the essential cellular process of DNA repair suggest novel combination therapies, with DNA damage response targeting drugs that should now be clinically explored. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies on the various macroscopic and microscopic biological effects of hyperthermia. We indicate the significance of these effects on current treatments and suggest how they will help design novel future treatments

Apelin Enhances Directed Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Apelin is a peptide ligand for an orphan G-protein coupled receptor (APJ receptor) and serves as a critical gradient for migration of mesodermal cells fated to contribute to the myocardial lineage. The present study was designed to establish a robust cardiac differentiation protocol, specifically, to evaluate the effect of apelin on directed differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells (mESCs and hESCs) into cardiac lineage. Different concentrations of apelin (50, 100, 500 nM) were evaluated to determine its differentiation potential. The optimized dose of apelin was then combined with mesodermal differentiation factors, including BMP-4, activin-A, and bFGF, in a developmentally specific temporal sequence to examine the synergistic effects on cardiac differentiation. Cellular, molecular, and physiologic characteristics of the apelin-induced contractile embryoid bodies (EBs) were analyzed. It was found that 100 nM apelin resulted in highest percentage of contractile EB for mESCs while 500 nM had the highest effects on hESCs. Functionally, the contractile frequency of mESCs-derived EBs (mEBs) responded appropriately to increasing concentration of isoprenaline and diltiazem. Positive phenotype of cardiac specific markers was confirmed in the apelin-treated groups. The protocol, consisting of apelin and mesodermal differentiation factors, induced contractility in significantly higher percentage of hESC-derived EBs (hEBs), up-regulated cardiac-specific genes and cell surface markers, and increased the contractile force. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the treatment of apelin enhanced cardiac differentiation of mouse and human ESCs and exhibited synergistic effects with mesodermal differentiation factors

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe