Anais do VI SIMELP – Da união à diversidade

"No VI Simpósio Mundial de Estudos da Língua Portuguesa (SIMELP) “Da união à diversidade”, que teve lugar na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, pretendeu-se proporcionar um espaço aglutinador de discussões entre professores, pesquisadores, estudantes, em áreas como a linguística, a literatura, a cultura, a tradução, a educação, e, ainda, profissionais de outras áreas para quem a língua portuguesa se traduziu num ponto de interesse"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evolução histórica dos currículos no setor privado contribuindo para a identidade da Enfermagem (1981-2013)

As mudanças curriculares propostas pelo Ministério da Educação para os cursos da saúde impulsionaram as universidades de enfermagem a um processo de revisão e reformulação de cursos. Pensando nisso, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as mudanças curriculares do curso de Enfermagem responsáveis para a determinação do perfil do Enfermeiro egresso de uma Instituição privada no Rio de Janeiro, a Unigranrio. A partir de um estudo histórico-social, que lançou mão de uma análise documental, foram verificados nove currículos entre 1981 e 2013, dentre os quais os dois primeiros se apresentam tímidos no sentido de formação de um profissional envolvido com a transformação social. Após a instituição da LDB/96, a Unigranrio passou a oferecer 32% da carga horária destinada a disciplinas que contemplam o conceito ampliado de saúde e o “cuidar” do Enfermeiro em todos os campos de atuação, além das discussões transversais nas demais disciplinas, incluindo políticas públicas de saúde, que proporcionam ao aluno a perspectiva da organização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Concluiu-se que a instituição analisada não seguiu a vertente assistencialista, mas optou pela formação de profissionais para atuar com autonomia, fazendo a diferença nas comunidades, visando um perfil de Enfermeiro com base na subjetividade e criatividade capazes de transformar a realidade na qual a Enfermagem é necessária

Fractures of the proximal femur: correlation with vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism

Fractures are the feared consequences of osteoporosis and fractures of the proximal femur (FPF) are those that involve the highest morbidity and mortality. Thus far, evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) is the best way to determine the risk of fracture. Genetic inheritance, in turn, is one of the major determinants of BMD. A correlation between different genotypes of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and BMD has been recently reported. On this basis, we decided to determine the importance of the determination of VDR genotype in the presence of an osteoporotic FPF in a Brazilian population. We studied three groups: group I consisted of 73 elderly subjects older than 65 years (78.5 ± 7.2 years) hospitalized for nonpathological FPF; group II consisted of 50 individuals older than 65 years (72.9 ± 5.2 years) without FPF and group III consisted of 98 young normal Brazilian individuals aged 32.6 ± 6.6 years (mean ± SD). Analysis of VDR gene polymorphism by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was performed by PCR amplification followed by BsmI digestion of DNA isolated from peripheral leukocytes. The genotype distribution in group I was 20.5% BB, 42.5% Bb and 37% bb and did not differ significantly from the values obtained for group II (16% BB, 36% Bb and 48% bb) or for group III (10.2% BB, 47.6% Bb and 41.8% bb). No differences in genotype distribution were observed between sexes or between the young and elderly groups. We conclude that determination of VDR polymorphism is of no practical use for the prediction of FPF. Other nongenetic factors probably start to affect bone mass, the risk to fall and consequently the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures with advancing age.A01Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São PauloUNIFESPSciEL

Evaluation of dissolution efficiency and similarity factor f₂ for the comparison of dissolution profiles in vitro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os resultados da comparação de perfis de dissolução de diferentes formulações contendo amoxicilina, eritromicina ou sulfametoxazol, obtidos através de dois métodos diferentes eficiência de dissolução (ED%) e fator de similaridade (f₂), e correlacioná-los com a bioequivalência entre as mesmas. Foi possível concluir que em todos os casos os resultados encontrados com f₂, concordam com os obtidos através da ED%. No entanto, a correlação da similaridade entre perfis de dissolução com a bioequivalência entre duas formulações nem sempre foi possível, pois a bioequivalência depende, além da dissolução da forma farmacêutica, das características de solubilidade e permeabilidade do fármaco em questão.The aim of this study was to compare the parameters dissolution efficiency (ED%) and similarity factor (f₂) used to compare the dissolution profiles of different formulations of amoxycillin, erythromycin and sulphametoxazole, and to correlate these results with the bioequivalence between the reference and test formulations. The results lead to the conclusion that both parameters gave equivalent indications about the similarity between the drug dissolution profiles compared for all the situations. However, the correlation between the similarity of the dissolution profiles and the bioequivalence of the formulations was not always achieved because the bioavailability depends not only on the dissolution characteristics of the drug formulation but also on the solubility and permeability of the drug under investigation

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio