Contribuições de uma sequência didática interdisciplinar em uma abordagem investigativa: a horta escolar no contexto

O desinteresse dos estudantes durante as aulas é um dos fatores de preocupação e frustração relatados por muitos professores em trabalhos acadêmicos. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma análise na perspectiva de três professoras na elaboração e no desenvolvimento de uma sequência didática interdisciplinar por meio de atividades investigativas para uma turma de 6º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública municipal rural na região sudoeste do estado de Goiás. Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado profissional em Educação para Ciências e Matemática, que se configura como uma possibilidade de ação interdisciplinar no contexto escolar. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações assistemáticas, as questões da entrevista tiveram como objetivo conhecer o perfil das professoras e sua percepção quanto à proposta interdisciplinar, à turma, às metodologias utilizadas, às possíveis mudanças detectadas no comportamento dos alunos e às dificuldades encontradas. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho propiciou às professoras realizar uma reflexão sobre suas práticas pedagógicas, já que puderam observar as mudanças na participação dos alunos, na dinâmica de sala de aula, bem como na aprendizagem dos conteúdos abordados

O Vídeo Como Recurso Didático: Uma Intervenção Pedagógica Sobre O Uso Da Água.

No ano de 2017 desenvolvemos um projeto de intervenção pedagógica em uma turma de quarto ano de uma escola municipal da cidade de Rio Verde, estado de Goiás, a fim de propiciar uma reflexão sobre o uso consciente da água potável, visto que a falta de água é um problema frequente na escola e no bairro onde está situada. O tema foi trabalhado seguindo a abordagem Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). Os resultados mostraram que, por meio de atividades de caráter interdisciplinar (exploração de vídeos, observações da prática, leitura, cálculos, dentre outras), os alunos conseguiram apreender e refletir sobre o uso da água, bem como realizar ações para conter seu desperdício na escola. Como produto educacional da intervenção pedagógica produzimos um vídeo-documentário, disponibilizado na internet, que mostra as crianças durante as atividades, bem como depoimentos de pessoas da comunidade escolar sobre o uso da água. Pretendemos que esse vídeo seja um instrumento de sensibilização, capaz de chamar a atenção das pessoas para a necessidade de se pensar soluções para os problemas que envolvem o abastecimento e o consumo da água, não só na escola de Rio Verde, como no resto do país

APLICAÇÃO DAS GEOTECNOLOGIAS PARA ANÁLISE DA PAISAGEM DA MICROBACIA DO RIO BOA SORTE, RONDÔNIA, BRASIL

The information on the landscape of microbasins consistent with hydrogeomorphometry and land cover dynamics are fundamental for the planning and sustainable use of natural resources. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to carry out the analysis of the geometric, topographic, hydrographic characteristics and the temporal dynamics of land cover in the microbasin of the Boa Sorte River. To this end, geotechnological tools and equations consolidated by the specialized literature were used. The microbasin has an area of ​​19.73 km², perimeter of 24.79 km, elongated shape, low susceptibility to flooding from a geometric point of view, altitudes between 195 and 251 m, predominance of smooth wavy and flat reliefs, a drainage network of 15 .85 km, 3rd order dendritic pattern, low density of springs, medium drainage density, very straight main channel, maintenance coefficient of 1,244.8 m² m-1 and concentration time of 3.2 h. In 37 years (1984 to 2021), there was continuous suppression of native forest cover, from 18.92 km² (95.9%) to 3.52 km² (17.8%), mainly for the implementation of agricultural systems, which in 2021 occupy an area of ​​16.00 km² (81.1%). The microbasin has potential for the development of agricultural production, however, the advancement of these production systems in Permanent Preservation Areas raises concerns about the availability and quality of natural resources in the long term, to meet the demands of future generations.La información paisajística de las cuencas hidrográficas coherente con la geogeomorfometría y la dinámica de la cubierta terrestre son fundamentales para la planificación y el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar el análisis de la dinámica geométrica, topográfica, hidrográfica y temporal de la cubierta terrestre de la cuenca del río Boa Sorte. Para ello se utilizaron herramientas geotecnológicas y ecuaciones consolidadas por la literatura especializada. La cuenca tiene una superficie de 19,73 km2, perímetro de 24,79 km, forma alargada, baja susceptibilidad a inundaciones desde el punto de vista geométrico, altitudes entre 195 y 251 m, predominio de relieves ondulados lisos y planos, red de drenaje de 15,85 km, patrón de 3er orden, baja densidad de manantiales, densidad media de drenaje, canal principal muy recto, coeficiente de mantenimiento de 1.244,8 m2 m-1 y tiempo de concentración de 3,2 h. En 37 años (1984 a 2021), hubo una supresión continua de la cubierta forestal nativa, de 18,92 km2 (95,9%) a 3,52 km2 (17,8%), principalmente para la implementación de sistemas agrícolas, que ocupan un área de 16,00 km2 (81,1%) en 2021. La cuenca tiene potencial para el desarrollo de la producción agrícola, sin embargo, el avance de estos sistemas de producción en las Áreas de Preservación Permanente, genera preocupaciones sobre la disponibilidad y calidad de los recursos naturales a largo plazo, para satisfacer las demandas de las generaciones futuras.As informações da paisagem de microbacias hidrográficas condizentes a hidrogeomorfometria e a dinâmica de cobertura da terra, são fundamentais para o planejamento e uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, realizar a análise das características geométricas, topográficas, hidrográficas e a dinâmica temporal de cobertura da terra da microbacia do rio Boa Sorte. Para tal, foram utilizadas ferramentas geotecnológicas e equações consolidadas pela literatura especializada. A microbacia possui área de 19,73 km2, perímetro de 24,79 km, forma alongada, baixa susceptibilidade a enchentes do ponto de vista geométrico, altitudes entre 195 e 251 m, predominância de relevos suave ondulado e plano, rede de drenagem de 15,85 km, padrão dendrítico de 3ª ordem, baixa densidade de nascentes, média densidade de drenagem, canal principal muito reto, coeficiente de manutenção de 1.244,8 m2 m-1 e tempo de concentração de 3,2 h. Em 37 anos (1984 a 2021), constatou-se supressão contínua da cobertura de floresta nativa, de 18,92 km2 (95,9%) para 3,52 km2 (17,8%), principalmente para a implantação de sistemas agropecuários, os quais ocupam no ano de 2021 uma área de 16,00 km2 (81,1%). A microbacia apresenta potencial para o desenvolvimento da produção agropecuária, todavia, o avanço destes sistemas produtivos nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente, gera preocupações acerca da disponibilidade e qualidade dos recursos naturais em longo prazo, para atender as demandas das gerações futuras

APLICAÇÃO DAS GEOTECNOLOGIAS PARA ANÁLISE DA PAISAGEM DA MICROBACIA DO RIO BOA SORTE, RONDÔNIA, BRASIL

The information on the landscape of microbasins consistent with hydrogeomorphometry and land cover dynamics are fundamental for the planning and sustainable use of natural resources. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to carry out the analysis of the geometric, topographic, hydrographic characteristics and the temporal dynamics of land cover in the microbasin of the Boa Sorte River. To this end, geotechnological tools and equations consolidated by the specialized literature were used. The microbasin has an area of ​​19.73 km², perimeter of 24.79 km, elongated shape, low susceptibility to flooding from a geometric point of view, altitudes between 195 and 251 m, predominance of smooth wavy and flat reliefs, a drainage network of 15 .85 km, 3rd order dendritic pattern, low density of springs, medium drainage density, very straight main channel, maintenance coefficient of 1,244.8 m² m-1 and concentration time of 3.2 h. In 37 years (1984 to 2021), there was continuous suppression of native forest cover, from 18.92 km² (95.9%) to 3.52 km² (17.8%), mainly for the implementation of agricultural systems, which in 2021 occupy an area of ​​16.00 km² (81.1%). The microbasin has potential for the development of agricultural production, however, the advancement of these production systems in Permanent Preservation Areas raises concerns about the availability and quality of natural resources in the long term, to meet the demands of future generations.La información paisajística de las cuencas hidrográficas coherente con la geogeomorfometría y la dinámica de la cubierta terrestre son fundamentales para la planificación y el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar el análisis de la dinámica geométrica, topográfica, hidrográfica y temporal de la cubierta terrestre de la cuenca del río Boa Sorte. Para ello se utilizaron herramientas geotecnológicas y ecuaciones consolidadas por la literatura especializada. La cuenca tiene una superficie de 19,73 km2, perímetro de 24,79 km, forma alargada, baja susceptibilidad a inundaciones desde el punto de vista geométrico, altitudes entre 195 y 251 m, predominio de relieves ondulados lisos y planos, red de drenaje de 15,85 km, patrón de 3er orden, baja densidad de manantiales, densidad media de drenaje, canal principal muy recto, coeficiente de mantenimiento de 1.244,8 m2 m-1 y tiempo de concentración de 3,2 h. En 37 años (1984 a 2021), hubo una supresión continua de la cubierta forestal nativa, de 18,92 km2 (95,9%) a 3,52 km2 (17,8%), principalmente para la implementación de sistemas agrícolas, que ocupan un área de 16,00 km2 (81,1%) en 2021. La cuenca tiene potencial para el desarrollo de la producción agrícola, sin embargo, el avance de estos sistemas de producción en las Áreas de Preservación Permanente, genera preocupaciones sobre la disponibilidad y calidad de los recursos naturales a largo plazo, para satisfacer las demandas de las generaciones futuras.As informações da paisagem de microbacias hidrográficas condizentes a hidrogeomorfometria e a dinâmica de cobertura da terra, são fundamentais para o planejamento e uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, realizar a análise das características geométricas, topográficas, hidrográficas e a dinâmica temporal de cobertura da terra da microbacia do rio Boa Sorte. Para tal, foram utilizadas ferramentas geotecnológicas e equações consolidadas pela literatura especializada. A microbacia possui área de 19,73 km2, perímetro de 24,79 km, forma alongada, baixa susceptibilidade a enchentes do ponto de vista geométrico, altitudes entre 195 e 251 m, predominância de relevos suave ondulado e plano, rede de drenagem de 15,85 km, padrão dendrítico de 3ª ordem, baixa densidade de nascentes, média densidade de drenagem, canal principal muito reto, coeficiente de manutenção de 1.244,8 m2 m-1 e tempo de concentração de 3,2 h. Em 37 anos (1984 a 2021), constatou-se supressão contínua da cobertura de floresta nativa, de 18,92 km2 (95,9%) para 3,52 km2 (17,8%), principalmente para a implantação de sistemas agropecuários, os quais ocupam no ano de 2021 uma área de 16,00 km2 (81,1%). A microbacia apresenta potencial para o desenvolvimento da produção agropecuária, todavia, o avanço destes sistemas produtivos nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente, gera preocupações acerca da disponibilidade e qualidade dos recursos naturais em longo prazo, para atender as demandas das gerações futuras

Práticas artísticas no ensino básico e secundário

Sobre a Matéria-Prima, há novidades e perigos. O tempo vivido na Europa e no contexto global tem vindo a acentuar a urgência das prioridades quantificadas, com um discurso dominante onde há menos política (pessoas) e mais representação económica (coisas). O correlato entre pessoas e coisas é, como sabemos, o dinheiro, ou trabalho reificado. A crise europeia, em torno da dívida soberana e dos maiores orçamentos do mundo, da capacidade da sua gestão na linguagem dura dos mercados e das taxas de juro veio modificar os objetivos imediatos da Europa, que em 2000 eram ambiciosos — “a sociedade mais competitiva do mundo em 2010” — para uma estratégia de emergência, agora chamada horizonte 2020. Este é o panorama ideal para colocar o ensino artístico em risco. Os fóruns internacionais passaram a valorizar os resultados da educação em rankings e sondagens de aproveitamento, cuja principal estratégia e preocupação é a mensurabilidade e comparabilidade, como são exemplo os relatórios PISA: avaliam-se em todos os países, as competências em Ciências, Matemática e Língua Materna. A matéria-prima de amanhã corre riscos de desaparecer gradualmente, pelos cortes de carga horária, pela concepção extracurricular da educação artística, pela sua perceção menorizada em função das concepções competitivas da sociedade contemporânea globalizada.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions