Germination of Sardinian black and white Vitis vinifera seeds according to treatments and dormancy factors

Physiological dormancy of Vitis vinifera seeds jeopardises breeding programs and biodiversity evolution. To increase the knowledge on dormancy breaking, seeds of white and black Sardinian grape cultivars (cvs) were exposed to different pre-germination treatments. To shed light on the physiological and structural factors involved in seed dormancy, the contents of oil, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, 3-indolacetic acid, condensed tannins, and total polyphenols were determined. In addition, sectioned seeds were observed by SEM to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics. Dormancy break in white, but not in black grape seeds, occurred under almost all imposed pre-germination treatments. Among red cvs, only seeds from ‘Cagnulari’ germinated when kept at 25 °C. Chilling seeds of the white cvs ‘Malvasia sarda’ and ‘Vernaccia di Oristano’ for 30 d resulted in the most effective treatment. Compared to white cvs, seeds of red ones owned 7 times higher levels of abscisic acid however, gibberellic acid content resulted 4 times less. Concerning the coat characteristics, red cv seeds had a thicker cuticle (6-10 μm) than white (4-6 μm) ones, however the most significant diversities were found for the inner integument, where in addition to size variances, palisade cell wall were structurally different

Parameterization of CROPGRO-soybean model and its use as a tool to assess the impact of climate change on the soybean crop

Antes de su uso para la toma de decisiones, los modelos de cultivos deben ser calibrados con datos de campo de la región en la cual serán utilizados. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron calibrar y validar la capacidad predictiva del modelo CROPGRO-soybean. Se utilizaron datos de dos cultivares del grupo de madurez IV (Asgrow 4656 y Don Mario DM4700) y tres años de experimentos de campo en condiciones no limitantes en Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina. La calibración comenzó con los coeficientes del grupo IV que por defecto se encuentran en los archivos: especie, ecotipo y cultivar. Modificaciones menores fueron hechas para ajustar la fenología y dinámica del crecimiento para ambos cultivares. Con el archivo especie original la materia seca, el aumento del número de vainas y el crecimiento de las mismas fue subestimado. La temperatura base cardinal para la fotosíntesis y formación de vainas se redujeron, con estas modificaciones se obtuvieron buenas predicciones para crecimiento y rendimiento. Con el CROPGRO-soybean calibrado y utilizando las proyecciones para la región del modelo climático regional PRECIS bajo el escenario SRESA2 en los años 2030 y 2060, se evaluaron los efectos del cambio climático global futuro en los rendimiento del cultivo de soja. Bajo esos escenarios y en condiciones de secano, se prevén aumentos del rendimiento de 34 y 38% para cada uno de los años estudiados, con una leve mejora atrasando la fecha de siembra respecto de la óptima actual. • rendimiento • sojaPrior to their use in decision-making, crop models need to be calibrated with field data from the region where the model will be used. The objectives of this research were calibrate and validate the predictive ability of CROPGRO-soybean model. Data from two cultivars maturity group IV (Asgrow 4656 and Don Mario DM4700) and three years of field experiments in conditions not limiting in Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina were used. Calibration started with the coefficients of group IV that by default are in files: species, ecotype and cultivate. With the original species file, dry matter, increasing the number of pods and growth were underestimated. Minor changes in file were made to adjust phenology and growth dynamics for both cultivars. The cardinal base temperatures for photosynthesis and pod formation were reduced; with these modifications good predictions for growth and yield were obtained. With the CROPGRO-soybean calibrated and using projections for the region from PRECIS regional climate model under the SRESA2 scenario in the years 2030 and 2060, the effects of global climate change in future soybean crop yield were evaluated. Under these scenarios and rainfed conditions, are anticipated yield increases of 34 and 38% for each of the years studied with a slight improvement delaying the planting date, respect to current optimum date.Fil: Confalone, Adriana. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Vilatte, Carlos. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Lázaro, Laura. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Roca, Núria. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Mestelan, Silvia. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Aguas, Laura. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Navarro, Miguel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Sau, Federico. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Departamento de Biología Vegeta

Parametrización del modelo CROPGRO-soybean y su uso como herramienta para evaluar el impacto del cambio climático sobre el cultivo de soja

Prior to their use in decision-making, crop models need to be calibrated with field data from the region where the model will be used. The objectives of this research were calibrate and validate the predictive ability of CROPGRO-soybean model. Data from two cultivars maturity group IV (Asgrow 4656 and Don Mario DM4700) and three years of field experiments in conditions not limiting in Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina were used. Calibration started with the coefficients of group IV that by default are in files: species, ecotype and cultivate. With the original species file, dry matter, increasing the number of pods and growth were underestimated. Minor changes in file were made to adjust phenology and growth dynamics for both cultivars. The cardinal base temperatures for photosynthesis and pod formation were reduced; with these modifications good predictions for growth and yield were obtained. With the CROPGRO-soybean calibrated and using projections for the region from PRECIS regional climate model under the SRESA2 scenario in the years 2030 and 2060, the effects of global climate change in future soybean crop yield were evaluated. Under these scenarios and rainfed conditions, are anticipated yield increases of 34 and 38% for each of the years studied with a slight improvement delaying the planting date, respect to current optimum date.Antes de su uso para la toma de decisiones, los modelos de cultivos deben ser calibrados con datos de campo de la región en la cual serán utilizados. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron calibrar y validar la capacidad predictiva del modelo CROPGRO-soybean. Se utilizaron datos de dos cultivares del grupo de madurez IV (Asgrow4656 y Don Mario DM4700) y tres años de experimentos de campo en condiciones no limitantes en Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina. La calibración comenzó con los coeficientes del grupo IV que por defecto se encuentran en los archivos: especie, ecotipo y cultivar. Modificaciones menores fueron hechas para ajustar la fenología y dinámica del crecimiento para ambos cultivares. Con el archivo especie original la materia seca, el aumento del número de vainas y el crecimiento de las mismas fue subestimado. La temperatura base cardinal para la fotosíntesis y formación de vainas se redujeron, con estas modificaciones se obtuvieron buenas predicciones para crecimiento y rendimiento. Con el CROPGRO-soybean calibrado y utilizando las proyecciones para la región del modelo climático regional PRECIS bajo el escenario SRESA2 en los años 2030 y 2060, se evaluaron los efectos del cambio climático global futuro en los rendimiento del cultivo de soja. Bajo esos escenarios y en condiciones de secano, se prevén aumentos del rendimiento de 34 y 38% para cada uno de los años estudiados, con una leve mejora atrasando la fecha de siembra respecto de la óptima actual

Parkinson's Disease DJ-1 L166P Alters rRNA Biogenesis by Exclusion of TTRAP from the Nucleolus and Sequestration into Cytoplasmic Aggregates via TRAF6

Mutations in PARK7/DJ-1 gene are associated to autosomal recessive early onset forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although large gene deletions have been linked to a loss-of-function phenotype, the pathogenic mechanism of missense mutations is less clear. The L166P mutation causes misfolding of DJ-1 protein and its degradation. L166P protein may also accumulate into insoluble cytoplasmic aggregates with a mechanism facilitated by the E3 ligase TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Upon proteasome impairment L166P activates the JNK/p38 MAPK apoptotic pathway by its interaction with TRAF and TNF Receptor Associated Protein (TTRAP). When proteasome activity is blocked in the presence of wild-type DJ-1, TTRAP forms aggregates that are localized to the cytoplasm or associated to nucleolar cavities, where it is required for a correct rRNA biogenesis. In this study we show that in post-mortem brains of sporadic PD patients TTRAP is associated to the nucleolus and to Lewy Bodies, cytoplasmic aggregates considered the hallmark of the disease. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, misfolded mutant DJ-1 L166P alters rRNA biogenesis inhibiting TTRAP localization to the nucleolus and enhancing its recruitment into cytoplasmic aggregates with a mechanism that depends in part on TRAF6 activity. This work suggests that TTRAP plays a role in the molecular mechanisms of both sporadic and familial PD. Furthermore, it unveils the existence of an interplay between cytoplasmic and nucleolar aggregates that impacts rRNA biogenesis and involves TRAF6

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

Reconstruction of signal amplitudes in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in the presence of overlapping proton-proton interactions

A template fitting technique for reconstructing the amplitude of signals produced by the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is described. This novel approach is designed to suppress the contribution to the signal of the increased number of out-of-time interactions per beam crossing following the reduction of the accelerator bunch spacing from 50 to 25 ns at the start of Run 2 of the LHC. Execution of the algorithm is sufficiently fast for it to be employed in the CMS high-level trigger. It is also used in the offline event reconstruction. Results obtained from simulations and from Run 2 collision data (2015-2018) demonstrate a substantial improvement in the energy resolution of the calorimeter over a range of energies extending from a few GeV to several tens of GeV.Peer reviewe

Measurement of B-c(2S)(+) and B-c*(2S)(+) cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe