Intervenção do estado no segmento habitacional

Orientador: Mariano de Matos MacedoMonografia(Graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Ciências EconômicasResumo: O Trabalho aborda a questão da intervenção do Estado nas políticas habitacionais ao longo do tempo. Inicialmente, apresenta uma descrição dos programas habitacionais, com vistas à redução do déficit habitacional no Brasil, seguido de um breve histórico do Sistema Financeiro de Habitação (SFH), assim como faz uma retrospectiva dos planos e programas implantados, suas regras e origens dos recursos. Também mostra a metodologia utilizada para o cálculo do déficit habitacional, pela Fundação João Pinheiro, Órgão vinculado ao Ministério das Cidades e o cenário atual, com as mudanças ocorridas. O trabalho conclui que o próprio mercado não consegue dar conta de regular esse segmento que tem suas peculiaridades, para tanto a intervenção governamental faz-se necessária, tanto para que os recursos cheguem aos mais necessitados, promovendo um aumento de bem-estar, com transbordamentos positivos em toda economia quanto para dar segurança jurídica para os investidores

Eritema elevatum diutinum como diagnóstico diferencial das doenças reumatológicas: relato de caso

Erythema elevatum diutinum is a chronic and rare cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, characterized by red, purple and yellow papules, plaques and nodules, distributed symmetrically on the extensor surfaces of the limbs. It is associated with several autoimmune, neoplastic and infectious processes, mainly hematological malignancies in about 30% of the cases. Joint pain and arthritis are frequent symptoms, affecting approximately 40% of the patients, indicating the need for its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic diseases, chiefl y the other presentations of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which are characterized by the combination of rheumatic manifestations and peculiar cutaneous lesions. We report the case of an 18-year-old female patient who developed erythema elevatum diutinum and whose diagnosis was based on the morphologic characteristics, the distribution pattern of the cutaneous lesions and the histopathological fi ndings of leuko- cytoclastic vasculitis. The major systemic symptom was severe arthritis.O eritema elevatum diutinum é uma vasculite leucocitoclástica cutânea crônica e rara, caracterizada por pápulas, placas e nódulos vermelhos, purpúreos e amarelados, distribuídos simetricamente sobre as superfícies extensoras das extremidades. Está associado a vários processos autoimunes, neoplásicos e infecciosos, principalmente malignidades hematológicas (cerca de 30% dos casos). Artralgia e artrite são sintomas frequentes, que afetam por volta de 40% dos pacientes, o que indica a necessidade de sua inclusão no diagnóstico diferencial das doenças reumatológicas, principalmente se em conjunto com outras apresentações da vasculite leucocitoclástica, caracterizadas pela combinação de manifestações reumáticas com alterações cutâneas características. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 18 anos que desenvolveu eritema elevatum diutinum, cujo diagnóstico baseou-se nas características morfológicas, no padrão de distribuição das lesões cutâneas e nos achados histopatológicos de vasculite leucocitoclástica. O principal sintoma sistêmico era uma artrite severa

Clinical and manometric evaluation of women with chronic anal fissure before and after internal subcutaneous lateral sphincterotomy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução clínica e manométrica de mulheres com fissura anal crônica submetidas à esfincterotomia lateral interna subcutânea. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com oito pacientes. A avaliação inicial foi realizada por meio de questionários, exame físico e manometria anorretal na semana anterior ao procedimento cirúrgico. Durante o período pós-operatório, as pacientes foram avaliadas clinicamente a cada 15 dias, até a cicatrização completa. Os questionários e a manometria anorretal foram repetidos 1 mês e 3 meses após a operação. Foi avaliado o tempo para cicatrização da fissura, as alterações manométricas e as complicações decorrentes do procedimento. RESULTADOS: Todas as pacientes apresentavam hipertonia esfincteriana interna no período pré-operatório. Após 3 meses da operação, as pressões de repouso e o comprimento do canal anal funcional diminuíram de modo estatisticamente significante. Houve redução das queixas de prurido e sangramento. A cicatrização completa da fissura ocorreu em sete pacientes. A mediana do tempo de cicatrização foi de 45 dias. Não houve complicações decorrentes do procedimento. Uma paciente apresentou incontinência transitória para flatos. CONCLUSÕES: A esfincterotomia lateral interna subcutânea proporcionou melhora clínica e diminuição das pressões de repouso dos esfíncteres anais em mulheres com fissura anal crônica.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and manometric parameters of chronic anal fissure females undergoing lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS). METHODS: A total of eight women with chronic anal fissure who underwent LIS were included in this study. The preoperative assessment was performed one week before surgery and included general and anorectal examination, anorectal manometry, and Jorge Wexner questionnaire. The post operative follow up was made every 15 days until complete healing. Jorge Wexner questionnaires and anorectal manometry were repeated at 1 month and 3 months after the surgery. Time to healing, manometric changes and complications were assessed. RESULTS: All patients had preoperative increased anal resting pressure. The resting pressures and anal canal length were significantly decreased 3 months after surgery. Patients' complaints of itching and bleeding were also reduced. Fissures healed in 7 patients and median healing time was 45 days. No complications were observed due to the procedure. One patient had transient incontinence to flatus. CONCLUSION: Lateral internal sphincterotomy provided clinical improvement and reduced resting pressure of the internal anal sphincter in women with chronic anal fissure

Preparatory courses for medical residency: students point of view

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a opinião dos alunos do internato do Curso de Medicina da Universidade de Brasília sobre os cursos preparatórios para a residência médica. MÉTODOS: Aplicação de questionário padronizado aos alunos do primeiro ano do internato RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 67 dos 74 alunos (90,5%) dos dois primeiros semestres do internato. Dentre eles, 57 (85,1%) estão matriculados ou pretendem matricular-se em cursos preparatórios. Apenas 28,4% (19 alunos) acreditam que a participação nestes cursos atrapalhe as atividades do internato. A participação nos cursos preparatórios é considerada crucial para a aprovação nas provas de residência médica por 36 entrevistados (53,7%). Quando questionados quanto ao fator mais importante para a aprovação na prova de residência, 91,0% afirmaram ser o período de estudo teórico. Já quando o enfoque do estudo é a formação profissional, 92,5% reconheceram serem mais importantes as atividades desenvolvidas durante o internato. CONCLUSÃO: A maior parte dos alunos entrevistados considera que a participação em cursos preparatórios é importante para a aprovação nas provas para ingresso nos programas de residência médica e que esta participação não atrapalha as atividades do internato.OBJECTIVE: To know the opinion of Medical interns, University of Brasilia on the preparatory courses for medical residency. METHODS: Application of a standardized questionnaire to students if the first year of internship. RESULTS: Sixty-seven of the 74 students (90.5%) of the first two semesters of internship participated. Among them, 57 (85.1%) are enrolled or intend to enroll in preparatory courses. Only 28.4% (19 students) believe that participation in these courses disrupt the activities of the internship. Participation in preparatory courses is considered crucial to the approval in the residency exams for 36 respondents (53.7%). When asked about the most important factor for the approval in the exams, 91.0% claimed to be the period of theoretical study. But when the focus of the study is professional training, 92.5% acknowledged the activities during the internship as the most important. CONCLUSION: Most students interviewed consider that participation in preparatory courses is important to be approved in the residency programs' admission exams and that this participation does not hinder the activities of the internship

One-Step reverse transcriptase PCR for detection of arboviruses in serum samples of patients assisted in Basic health Units in the State of Maranhão, Brazil / PCR de transcriptase reversa em uma etapa para detecção de arbovírus em amostras de soro de pacientes atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde no estado do Maranhão, Brasil

polymerase chain reaction to detect acute infections caused by dengue, zika, chikungunya, and mayaro virus in clinical samples. Methods: We evaluated 620 sera samples collected from March 2016 to March 2018 and provided by the Central Health Laboratory of Maranhão (LACEN-MA). Total RNA was isolated from clinical specimens and used as the template for one-step RT-PCR assays with specific-primers designed for this study. Results: Of the 620 sera evaluated, 386 (62.2%) were positive, among them 330 (85.5%) amplified a specific fragment for chikungunya, 55 (14.2%) showed a fragment compatible with dengue serotype 4, and 1 (0.3%) exhibited profile for mayaro virus. Conclusions: The results obtained here were more sensitive than IgM-ELISA because the viral RNA was detected in serum samples from patients, not only from 1 to 6 days but also from 7 to 10 days after the beginning of clinical signs (convalescent period). Besides, the mayaro virus was detected in one serum sample that was IgM-ELISA negative for dengue, zika, and chikungunya. 

As Principais Formas de Aquisição de Tecnologia Assistiva: Um Estudo Realizado em Clínicas de Reabilitação na Cidade de Anápolis/GO

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN 2006), Brazil assumed the commitment to promote knowledge, access and the availability of resources of Assistive Technology (AT). The objective of this study is to present the main forms of acquisition of TA, used by patients in rehabilitation in three institutions of Anápolis/GO. It is a descriptive study, transversal and quantitative. Participated in this study 108 patients with sequelae of neurological lesions and parents/guardians of those younger than 18 years of age. Confirmed that the majority of participants (66%) acquires the resources of TA through the Unified Health System (SUS), which provides resources by means of institutions and associations to support the person with disabilities. The access to the resources of AT by means of dispensing, financing, support for the tax exemption or reduction in products of AT and promoting the production of AT in Brazil, represent the fulfilment of the provisions present in the Federal Constitution, in international treaties and in legislation infraconstitutional, which puts our country in a prominent position in relation to human rights. However, it is necessary that policies and programs to access the resources of TA should be reviewed, improved and extended so that it can fulfill its purpose and reach the greatest number of people possible.Na Convenção dos Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência da ONU (2006), o Brasil assumiu o compromisso de promover o conhecimento, o acesso e a disponibilização de recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as principais formas de aquisição de TA, utilizadas por pacientes em reabilitações em três instituições de Anápolis/GO. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Participaram desta pesquisa 108 pacientes com sequelas de lesões neurológicas e pais/responsáveis daqueles menores de 18 anos de idade. Ficou constatado que a maioria dos participantes (66%) adquire os recursos de TA através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o qual disponibiliza recursos por meio das instituições e associações de apoio à pessoa com deficiência. O acesso aos recursos de TA por meio da dispensação, do financiamento, do apoio à redução ou isenção tributária em produtos de TA e o fomento à produção de TA no Brasil, representam o cumprimento das disposições presentes na Constituição Federal, nos tratados internacionais e na legislação infraconstitucional, o que coloca o nosso país em posição de destaque em relação aos direitos humanos. Porém, é necessário que as políticas e programas voltados ao acesso dos recursos de TA sejam revistos, melhorados e ampliados para que possa cumprir com seu propósito e atingir o maior número de pessoas possíveis

Perfil Cromatográfico e Atividade Antioxidante Frente aos Radicais Peroxila (roo•), Superóxido (o2•-) e DPPH da folha, flor, ramo e inflorescência da Plectranthus Barbatus

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante (ROO·, O2·- e DPPH) e o perfil cromatográfico de compostos fenólicos da folha, flor, ramo e inflorescência da Plectranthus barbatus. Os extratos etanólicos das diferentes partes da planta obtidos através de extração por ultrassom foram caracterizados por cromatografia líquida acoplada a um detector UV-HPLC-UV. Além disso, avaliou-se a atividade antioxidante frente aos radicais DPPH, superóxido e peroxil. Como resultado, a maioria dos extratos apresentaram atividade antioxidante frente aos radicais investigados, além de que foram identificados os compostos quercetina, quercetrina, flavona, ácido cafeico e canferol nas partes investigadas da planta. Por fim, o estudo demonstrou que é de extrema importância se saber qual parte da planta está sendo avaliada, visto que estas apresentam diferenças na atividade antioxidante e na composição química

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks