Assessment of energy expenditure in individuals with post-poliomyelitis syndrome

The objective of this study was to identify energy expenditure, retrospectively, in individuals with post-poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) in the Brazilian population. Methods: The Baecke questionnaire for the evaluation of habitual physical activity (HPA), assessment of quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), and the Fatigue Severity Scale were administered to patients with PPS, poliomyelitis sequelae (PS) and to a control group (CG). Participated in the study 116 individuals (PPS=52,PS= 28,CG=36). Results: Patients with PPS tended to increase their HPA from 10 to 20 years of age, compared with those in the PS group and the CG. In the period from 21 to 30 years of age, there was significant increase in the PPS group's occupational physical activity compared to the PS group, and the occupational physical activity (21-30 years of age) correlated with the onset of symptoms of PPS. Conclusion: Patients with PPS had a higher energy expenditure during life, especially in occupational physical activity at ages 21-30 years, suggesting this decade is critical for the development of PPS.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Setor Invest Doencas Neuromusculares, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCtr Univ Augusto Motta, Mestrado Ciencias Reabilitacao, Bonsucesso, RJ, BrazilUniv Severino Sombra, Mestrado Ciencias Aplicadas Saude, Vassouras, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Anesthesiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Setor Invest Doencas Neuromusculares, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Anesthesiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Skeletal muscle structure and function in response to electrical stimulation in moderately impaired COPD patients

Study objective: To determine the structural and functional consequences of high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (hf-NMES) in a group of moderately impaired outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Design: A prospective, cross-over randomized trial.Setting: An university-based, tertiary center.Patients and materials: Seventeen patients (FEV1 = 49.6 +/- 13.4% predicted, Medical Research Council dyspnoea grades II-III) underwent 6-weeks hf-NMES (50 Hz) and sham stimulation of the quadriceps femoris in a randomized, cross-over design. Knee strength was measured by isokinetic dynamometry (peak torque) and leg muscle mass (LMM) by DEXA; in addition, median cross-sectional area (CSA) of type I and fibres and capillary-fibre ratio were evaluated in the vastus lateralis. the 6-min walking distance (6MWD) was also determined.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Pulm Funct & Clin Exercise Physiol Unit, SEFIC,Div Resp Dis,Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Neuromusc Div, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, ScotlandUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Pulm Funct & Clin Exercise Physiol Unit, SEFIC,Div Resp Dis,Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Neuromusc Div, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Frequência e manifestações clínicas da síndrome pós-poliomielite em um centro terciário brasileiro

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and clinical manifestations of patients with post-poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) in a Brazilian division of neuromuscular disorders. METHODS: A total of 167 patients with prior history of paralytic poliomyelitis was investigated for PPS, based on international diagnostic criteria. Other variables analyzed were: gender, race, age at poliomyelitis infection, age at PPS onset, and PPS symptoms. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-nine patients presented PPS, corresponding to 77.2% of the studied population. 62.8% were women and 37.2% were men. Mean age of patients with PPS at onset of PPS symptoms was 39.9±9.69 years. Their main clinical manifestations were: new weakness in the previously affected limbs (69%) and in the apparently not affected limbs (31%); joint pain (79.8%); fatigue (77.5%); muscle pain (76%); and cold intolerance (69.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients of our sample presented PPS. In Brazil, PPS frequency and clinical features are quite similar to those of other countries.OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência e as manifestações clínicas de pacientes com síndrome pós-poliomielite (SPP) em um setor terciário de doenças neuromusculares brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Um total de 167 pacientes com história prévia de poliomielite paralítica foi estudado para diagnóstico de SPP, de acordo com critérios diagnósticos internacionais. Além da SPP, as variáveis analisadas foram: gênero, raça, idade à época da poliomielite aguda e idade no início dos sintomas da SPP. RESULTADOS: Cento e vinte e nove pacientes apresentaram SPP, correspondendo a 77,2% da população estudada. Mulheres constituíram 62,8% dos pacientes e os homens, 37,2%. A média de idade dos pacientes com SPP à época do início dos sintomas foi de 39,9±9,69 anos. Suas principais manifestações clínicas foram: manifestações novas de fraqueza em membros previamente afetados (69%) e em membros aparentemente não afetados (31%); dores articulares (79,8%); fadiga (77,5%); dor muscular (76%) e intolerância ao frio (69,8%). CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos pacientes da presente casuística apresentou SPP. No Brasil, a frequência e as características clínicas da SPP são similares às observadas em outros países.Federal University of São Paulo Division of Neuromuscular Disorders Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryCentro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo Neurologic Rehabilitation Service of the PoliclínicaUNIFESP, Division of Neuromuscular Disorders Department of Neurology and NeurosurgerySciEL

Use of a polyphasic approach including MALDI-TOF MS for identification of Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from food commodities in Brazil

Brazil is one the largest producers and exporters of food commodities in the world. The evaluation of fungi capable of spoilage and the production mycotoxins in these commodities is an important issue that can be of help in bioeconomic development. The present work aimed to identify fungi of the genus Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from different food commodities in Brazil. Thirty-five fungal isolates belonging to the section Flavi were identified and characterised. Different classic phenotypic and genotypic methodologies were used, as well as a novel approach based on proteomic profiles produced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Type or reference strains for each taxonomic group were included in this study. Three isolates that presented discordant identification patterns were further analysed using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and calmodulin gene sequences. The data obtained from the phenotypic and spectral analyses divide the isolates into three groups, corresponding to taxa closely related to Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus tamarii. Final polyphasic fungal identification was achieved by joining data from molecular analyses, classical morphology, and biochemical and proteomic profiles generated by MALDI-TOF MS.Acknowledgments are due to FAPEMIG - Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Brazil) for financial support. F. C. da Silva extends thanks to CAPES - Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Brazil) for the PhD grant. C. Santos and N. Lima thank CAPES for the financial support as international visiting professors in the Post-Graduate Programme in Agricultural Microbiology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras (MG), Brazil

Níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao Coronavírus em estudantes de medicina: Dysfunctional levels of Coronavirus-related anxiety in medical students

As preocupações com a saúde mental das pessoas afetadas pela pandemia de coronavírus não foram abordadas adequadamente. Isso é surpreendente, uma vez que tragédias em massa, particularmente aquelas que envolvem doenças infecciosas, muitas vezes desencadeiam ondas de medo e ansiedade elevados que são conhecidos por causar perturbações maciças no comportamento e no bem-estar psicológico de muitos na população. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar os níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao coronavírus em estudantes de medicina. Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão sistemática sobre a temática

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

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