The Theoretical Description for Chlorantraniliprole Electrochemical Determination, Assisted by Squaraine Dye – Nano-CuS Composite

The theoretical description for the chlorantraniliprole electrochemical determination, assisted by the hybrid composite of squaraine dye with CuS nanoparticles has been described. The correspondent reaction mechanism has been proposed, and the correspondent mathematical model has been developed and analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. It has been shown that the chlorantraniprole electrochemical anodical determination on high potential may be efficiently provided by cupper sulfide nanoparticles, stabilized by the squaraine dye. On the other hand, the oscillatory and monotonic instability is also possible, being caused by DEL influences of the electrochemical stage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i3.151

The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species’ threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project – and avert – future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups – including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems – www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015

Riqueza de cupins (Insecta, Isoptera) em áreas de Mata Atlântica primária e secundária do sudeste da Bahia Termite (Insecta, Isoptera) richness in primary and secondary Atlantic Forest in southeastern Bahia

A Mata Atlântica é considerada um dos biomas com maior diversidade do mundo, abrigando um grande número de espécies endêmicas, porém é um dos mais degradados do Brasil, restando menos de 8% de sua vegetação original. No Sudeste da Bahia, a floresta vem sofrendo um processo de deterioração, originado pelo desmatamento indiscriminado e o mau uso do solo. Nessa região, pouco se conhece sobre a fauna de cupins, onde não existia qualquer levantamento prévio. Os objetivos foram: 1) fazer uma primeira amostragem da fauna de Isoptera dessa parte da Mata Atlântica, através de duas técnicas de coleta; 2) comparar a riqueza de espécies de uma área de mata primária com outra de mata secundária; 3) comparar os resultados dos diferentes protocolos; 4) fazer classificação das espécies em grupos tróficos. As áreas de estudo foram a "Mata da Esperança" (mata primária) e a "Reserva Zoobotânica da CEPLAC" (secundária), localizadas no município de Ilhéus, BA. Foram feitas coletas chamadas aqui de "qualitativas" e "quantitativas", que seguiram protocolos determinados, e as amostras foram obtidas por coletas diretas, sem uso de iscas. Foram identificadas 38 espécies, distribuídas em 27 gêneros, sendo que a família Termitidae foi a mais freqüente. A fauna de Isoptera foi mais rica na mata primária. A partir das coletas "quantitativas", foram registradas 19 espécies, e através das coletas "qualitativas", 33 espécies. A maioria das espécies encontradas é xilófaga.The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the most diverse biome in the World, harboring a large number of endemic species. However, it is one of the most degraded ecosystems in Brazil; less than 8% of its original vegetation has been preserved. In southeastern part of the state of Bahia, irresponsible deforestation and misuse of land have being degrading the forest. In this area, the termite fauna is poorly known and there was no available survey. This paper aimed: 1) to carry out a first survey on the Isoptera from this region of the Atlantic Forest; 2) to compare the termite richness between primary and secondary forests using two kind of collecting protocols; 3) to compare the results from the two different collecting protocols; 4) to classify the species into trophic groups. The study areas are "Mata da Esperança" (primary forest) and "Reserva Zoobotânica da CEPLAC" (secondary forest), both in the county of Ilhéus, BA. Quantitative and qualitative surveys followed standard protocols and the samples were obtained directly, without baits. Thirty-eight species within twenty-seven genera were identified and the family Termitidae was the most frequent. The termite fauna of the primary forest was the richest. Nineteen and thirty-three species were registered with the quantitative and qualitative protocol, respectively. The majority of the species was classified as xilophagous

Human adipose-derived stem cells stimulate neuroregeneration

Traumatic brain injuries and degenerative neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s dementia, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and many others are characterized by loss of brain cells and supporting structures. Restoring microanatomy and function using stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach. Among the many various sources, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are one of the most easily harvested alternatives, they multiply rapidly, and they demonstrate low immunogenicity with an ability to differentiate into several cell types. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of xenotransplanted human ADSCs on post-traumatic regeneration of rat sciatic nerve. Peripheral reconstruction following complete sciatic transection and autonerve grafting was complemented by intra-operative injection of hADSCs into the proximal and distal stumps. The injury caused gliosis and apoptosis of sensory neurons in the lumbar 5 (L5) ganglia in the control rodents; however, animals treated with hADSCs demonstrated a smaller amount of cellular loss. Formation of amputation neuroma, which hinders axonal repair, was less prominent in the experimental group, and immunohistochemical analysis of myelin basic protein showed good myelination 65 days after surgery. At this point, control groups still exhibited high levels of microglia/macrophage-specific marker Iba-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, the mark of an ongoing inflammation and incomplete axonal growth 2 months after the injury. This report demonstrates that hADSCs promote neuronal survival in the spinal ganglion, fuel axonal repair and stimulate the regeneration of peripheral nerves

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity