El aporte de la historia y teoría del diseño al taller de diseño industrial

This article raises, from a theoretical-practical perspective, the difficulties that are glimpsed in the teaching-learning of history and theory of Industrial Design, referred to the design process accomplished in the Industrial Design Workshops of the university to which this research team belongs. The conviction is that in the formation of the Industrial Designer the knowledge of disciplines such as those mentioned above are vital for the adequate professional practice since they provide with skills that allow to perceive, conceive and delineate projects of more finished objects, as a simulation of the future professional performance. The essential purpose of this research is to promote understanding and internalization of the variables of the Industrial Design project, understanding history and theory as a set of knowledge considered as inputs for the development, argumentation and realization of the project design.En el presente artículo de investigación se plantean, desde una mirada teórico-práctica, las dificultades que se vislumbran en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia y teoría del diseño industrial, referidas al proceso proyectual realizado en los talleres de diseño industrial de la universidad a la que pertenece este equipo de investigación, la Universidad Católica de Santa Fe. Se tiene la convicción de que en la formación del diseñador industrial el conocimiento de disciplinas como las mencionadas ut supra son vitales para el adecuado ejercicio profesional, ya que les proporcionan competencias que les permiten percibir, concebir y delinear proyectos de objetos más acabados, como simulacro de la actuación profesional futura. El propósito esencial de este trabajo de investigación es propiciar la comprensión e internalización de las variables del proyecto de Diseño Industrial, entendiendo a la historia y a la teoría del diseño como un conjunto de conocimientos considerados como insumos[1] para el desarrollo, argumentación y realización del proyecto de diseño. [1] Insumo en el sentido operativo, que mediante la reflexión y la crítica de los fenómenos de la historia y la teoría aporta criterios proyectuales

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Methods We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r= 0.88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r= 0.83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r= 0.77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Findings Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28.6 to 94.6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40.7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39.0-42.8) in 1990 to 53.7 (52.2-55.4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21.2 in 1990 to 20.1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73.8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. Interpretation This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-systemcharacteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries : a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59.3 (95% uncertainty interval 56.8-61.8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85.5 (84.2-86.5) in Iceland to 20.4 (15.4-24.9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r(2) = 0.88) and the MDG index (r(2) = 0.2), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r(2) = 0.79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0-10.4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10.0 [6.7-13.1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5.5 [2.1-8.9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs.Peer reviewe

La enseñanza de la historia de la arquitectura y de la teoría en relación al proceso de proyecto

Esta ponencia es producto de un trabajo de investigación en curso en la SECYT de la UCSF y con él se pretenden abordar, desde un enfoque teórico-práctico, los problemas de enseñanza-aprendizaje de Historia y Teoría de la Arquitectura en relación con el proceso proyectual realizado por los estudiantes en los Talleres de Arquitectura de la Facultad de la universidad a la que pertenece este equipo. Se intenta generar estrategias pedagógicas que faciliten al estudiante la incorporación de los conocimientos históricos y teóricos como insumos para su proceso de diseño, entendiendo “insumo” en el sentido operativo, es decir que mediante la reflexión y la crítica de los fenómenos arquitectónicos y/o urbanos de la historia, aporta criterios proyectuales.The content of this paper is the product of a research project under way at SECYT, UCSF, with the aim of addressing, from a theoretical and practical approach, the problems of teaching and learning of History and Theory of Architecture in relation to the design process that students carry out within the workshops of Architecture of the college to which this team belongs to. It tries to generate teaching strategies to facilitate students the incorporation of historical and theoretical knowledge as input for the design process, understanding "input" in the operational sense, so that through reflection and criticism of architectural and urban phenomena in history, brings projective criteria.Fill: Juan Cecilio Ortiz, Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Católica de Santa F

Dilatational properties of soy globulin adsorbed films at the air–water interface from acidic solutions

In this paper we present surface dilatational properties of soy globulins (b-conglycinin,glycinin, and reduced glycinin with 10 mM of dithiothreitol (DTT)) adsorbed on the air–water interface,as a function of adsorption time. The surface rheological parameters (surface dilatational modulus, E,its elastic and viscous components,and phase angle) were measured as a function of protein concentration (ranging from 1 to 1 · 103%,wt/wt) at pH 2.0 and 5.0. We found that the surface dilatational modulus, E,increases with time, h. This phenomenon has been related to protein adsorption,unfolding, and/or protein–protein interactions (at long-term adsorption). The dilatational properties of the adsorbed films depend on the molecular structure of the protein,the pH,and on the protein concentration in the aqueous phase. Soy globulins are adsorbed at the air–water interface with different degrees of association at different concentrations in the bulk phase and at different aqueous phase pH.b-conglycinin,glycinin, and reduced glycinin with 10 mM of dithiothreitol (DTT)) adsorbed on the air–water interface,as a function of adsorption time. The surface rheological parameters (surface dilatational modulus, E,its elastic and viscous components,and phase angle) were measured as a function of protein concentration (ranging from 1 to 1 · 103%,wt/wt) at pH 2.0 and 5.0. We found that the surface dilatational modulus, E,increases with time, h. This phenomenon has been related to protein adsorption,unfolding, and/or protein–protein interactions (at long-term adsorption). The dilatational properties of the adsorbed films depend on the molecular structure of the protein,the pH,and on the protein concentration in the aqueous phase. Soy globulins are adsorbed at the air–water interface with different degrees of association at different concentrations in the bulk phase and at different aqueous phase pH.E,its elastic and viscous components,and phase angle) were measured as a function of protein concentration (ranging from 1 to 1 · 103%,wt/wt) at pH 2.0 and 5.0. We found that the surface dilatational modulus, E,increases with time, h. This phenomenon has been related to protein adsorption,unfolding, and/or protein–protein interactions (at long-term adsorption). The dilatational properties of the adsorbed films depend on the molecular structure of the protein,the pH,and on the protein concentration in the aqueous phase. Soy globulins are adsorbed at the air–water interface with different degrees of association at different concentrations in the bulk phase and at different aqueous phase pH.· 103%,wt/wt) at pH 2.0 and 5.0. We found that the surface dilatational modulus, E,increases with time, h. This phenomenon has been related to protein adsorption,unfolding, and/or protein–protein interactions (at long-term adsorption). The dilatational properties of the adsorbed films depend on the molecular structure of the protein,the pH,and on the protein concentration in the aqueous phase. Soy globulins are adsorbed at the air–water interface with different degrees of association at different concentrations in the bulk phase and at different aqueous phase pH.h. This phenomenon has been related to protein adsorption,unfolding, and/or protein–protein interactions (at long-term adsorption). The dilatational properties of the adsorbed films depend on the molecular structure of the protein,the pH,and on the protein concentration in the aqueous phase. Soy globulins are adsorbed at the air–water interface with different degrees of association at different concentrations in the bulk phase and at different aqueous phase pH.Fil: Rodríguez Patino, Juan M.. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Rodríguez Niño, María Rosario. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Carrera Sánchez, Cecilio. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Molina Ortiz, Sara Eugenia. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Añon, Maria Cristina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentin

La investigación en atención a la diversidad : propuestas de trabajo

Obra colectiva entorno a la educación especial, con una variedad de temas entre los que destacan: la investigación, educación compensatoria, dificultades, ocio, protección, mejoras, el rendimiento escolar, mujeres, diversificación curricular etc. La obra esta dirigida a los profesores, profesionales de la materia y familia.AndalucíaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]