Growth in children with chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors for short stature

Abstract Introduction: Growth failure in chronic kidney disease is related to high morbidity and mortality. Growth retardation in this disease is multifactorial. Knowing the modifiable factors and establishing strategies to improve care for affected children is paramount. Objectives: To describe growth patterns in children with chronic kidney disease and the risk factors associated with short stature. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed anthropometric and epidemiological data, birth weight, prematurity, and bicarbonate, hemoglobin, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and parathormone levels of children with stages 3–5 CKD not on dialysis, followed for at least one year. Results: We included 43 children, the majority of which were boys (65%). The mean height/length /age z-score of the children at the beginning and follow-up was –1.89 ± 1.84 and –2.4 ± 1.67, respectively (p = 0.011). Fifty-one percent of the children had short stature, and these children were younger than those with adequate stature (p = 0.027). PTH levels at the beginning of the follow-up correlated with height/length/age z-score. A sub-analysis with children under five (n = 17) showed that 10 (58.8%) of them failed to thrive and had a lower weight/age z-score (0.031) and lower BMI/age z-score (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Children, particularly younger ones, with chronic kidney disease who were not on dialysis had a high prevalence of short stature. PTH levels were correlated with height z-score, and growth failure was associated with worse nutritional status. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the growth of these children, control hyperparathyroidism, and provide nutritional support

Retrato quinquenal da morbidade hospitalar por esquizofrenia, transtornos esquizotípicos e delirantes em território brasileiro

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder of multifactorial origin, affecting work, intellectual functions, interpersonal relationships and self-care. Symptoms are divided into four domains: positive, negative, affective and cognitive, varying between individuals. With a worldwide prevalence of 1% and an incidence of 1.5 per 10,000 people, it is one of the main causes of disability in young people and adults. The objective of this work is to define and evaluate the epidemiological profile of hospital admissions for schizophrenia and related disorders in Brazil. This work is quantitative and retrospective, using data from SIH/SUS from DATASUS. Hospitalizations for schizophrenia and related disorders in Brazil between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed. The variables considered were: region, type of care, age group, sex and color/race. Between 2018 and 2023, there were 415,156 hospitalizations for schizophrenia and related disorders in Brazil. Of these, 88.36% were emergencies and 11.63% were elective. The majority of patients were between 20 and 49 years old (68.88%). Men represented 61.30% of hospitalizations. In terms of color/race, 37.17% declared themselves mixed race and 33.44% white. Thus, the highest frequency of hospitalizations was among male individuals, mixed race, aged between 30 and 39 years old, residing in the Southeast region and treated urgently.A esquizofrenia é um distúrbio neuropsiquiátrico complexo de origem multifatorial, afetando funções laborais, intelectuais, relações interpessoais e autocuidado. Os sintomas se dividem em quatro domínios: positivos, negativos, afetivos e cognitivos, variando entre indivíduos. Com prevalência mundial de 1% e incidência de 1,5 por 10.000 pessoas, é uma das principais causas de incapacidade em jovens e adultos. O objetivo deste trabalho é definir e avaliar o perfil epidemiológico das internações hospitalares por esquizofrenia e transtornos relacionados no Brasil. Este trabalho é quantitativo e retrospectivo, utilizando dados do SIH/SUS do DATASUS. Foram analisadas internações por esquizofrenia e transtornos relacionados no Brasil entre 2018 e 2023. As variáveis consideradas foram: região, tipo de atendimento, faixa etária, sexo e cor/raça. Entre 2018 e 2023, houve 415.156 internações por esquizofrenia e transtornos relacionados ao Brasil. Destas, 88,36% foram urgências e 11,63% eletivas. A maioria dos pacientes tinha entre 20 e 49 anos (68,88%). Os homens representaram 61,30% das internações. Em termos de cor/raça, 37,17% se declararam pardos e 33,44% brancos. Assim, a maior frequência de internações foi entre indivíduos do sexo masculino, de cor parda, com idade entre 30 e 39 anos, residentes na região Sudeste e atendidos em caráter de urgência

Arq Neuropsiquiatr

p.219-223Although not considered as an endemic region, the Northeast of Brazil has the necessary conditions for the development of taeniasis-cysticercosis complex. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that Mulungu do Morro municipality, in the State of Bahia, has a high seroprevalence to cysticercosis in epileptic patients. Objective: to determine the prevalence of taeniasis and positive cysticercosis serology in the population of Mulungu do Morro. Method: blood and stool samples were collected from a random sampling of the population, by family. The identification of antibodies against T. solium cysticerci was made by EITB and T. solium antigens were identified using a polyclonal antibody-capture ELISA. Results: the cysticercosis seroprevalence was 1.6% (C.I. = 0.8 to 2.8%) and the taeniasis prevalence 4.5% (C.I. = 3.0 to 6.5%). Seropositivity to cysticercosis was higher among those who lived in a house of a person testing positive for coproantigen, p=0.017. Conclusion: our results demonstrate that the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex is endemic in Mulungu do Morro. We believe that all areas in the world with the same socio-economic and sanitary characteristics are likely to have high prevalence of this parasite.São Paul

Taeniasis and cysticercosis prevalence in a small village from Northeastern Brazil Prevalência de teníase e sorologia positiva para cisticercose em Mulungu do Morro, Bahia

Although not considered as an endemic region, the Northeast of Brazil has the necessary conditions for the development of taeniasis-cysticercosis complex. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that Mulungu do Morro municipality, in the State of Bahia, has a high seroprevalence to cysticercosis in epileptic patients. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of taeniasis and positive cysticercosis serology in the population of Mulungu do Morro. METHOD: blood and stool samples were collected from a random sampling of the population, by family. The identification of antibodies against T. solium cysticerci was made by EITB and T. solium antigens were identified using a polyclonal antibody-capture ELISA. RESULTS: the cysticercosis seroprevalence was 1.6% (C.I. = 0.8 to 2.8%) and the taeniasis prevalence 4.5% (C.I. = 3.0 to 6.5%). Seropositivity to cysticercosis was higher among those who lived in a house of a person testing positive for coproantigen, p=0.017. CONCLUSION: our results demonstrate that the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex is endemic in Mulungu do Morro. We believe that all areas in the world with the same socio-economic and sanitary characteristics are likely to have high prevalence of this parasite.<br>Embora alguns autores não a considerem uma região endêmica, existem no Nordeste do Brasil as condições necessárias para o desenvolvimento do complexo teníase/ cisticercose. Em uma publicação prévia demosntramos no município de Mulungu do Morro, Bahia, alta soroprevalência para cisticercose em pacientes epilépticos. OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de teníase e sorologia positiva para cisticercose na população de Mulungu do Morro. MÉTODO: foram coletadas amostras de sangue e fezes em 175 famílias definidas aleatoriamente. A identificação de anticorpos séricos anti-cisticerco foi feita através do método de EITB e a presença de teníase foi verificada através de ELISA de captura para identificação de antígenos do parasita nas fezes. RESULTADOS: encontramos soroprevalência para cisticercose de 1,6% (IC a 95% de 0,8 a 2,8%) e prevalência de teníase de 4,5% (IC a 95% de 3,0 a 6,5%). Foi observado maior número de soropositivos nas famílias em que havia uma pessoa com teníase (p=0,007). CONCLUSÕES: nossos resultados demonstram que Mulungu do Morro é endêmico para teníase e cisticercose. Acreditamos que os demais municípios do Nordeste, cujas características socio-econômicas e condições sanitárias são semelhantes ao estudado, apresentam também alta prevalência dessa parasitose e que estudos epidemiológicos são necessários para esta definição e para que medidas de controle sejam tomadas

Plant-parasitic nematodes of potential phytosanitary importance, their main hosts and reported yield losses

The potential phytosanitary importance of all named plant-parasitic nematode species was determined by evaluating available information on species characteristics, association with economically-important crop hosts, and ability to act as vectors of viruses or form disease complexes with other pathogens. Most named species of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are poorly known, recorded from a single location only, not associated with economically-important crops, and not known to be associated with other plant disease organisms. However, 250 species from 43 genera fulfilled one or more of the criteria to be considered to present a phytosanitary risk. The genera and number of species (in parentheses) considered as posing phytosanitary risk included: Achlysiella (1), Anguina (8), Aphasmatylenchus (1), Aphelenchoides (12), Aphelenchus (1), Belonolaimus (2), Bitylenchus (3), Bursaphelenchus (4), Cactodera (3), Ditylenchus (8), Dolichodorus (1), Globodera (3), Helicotylenchus (7), Hemicriconemoides (3), Hemicycliophora (3), Heterodera (25), Hirschmanniella (5), Hoplolaimus (5), Ibipora (3), Longidorus (10), Macroposthonia (2), Meloidogyne (38), Merlinius (3), Nacobbus (1), Neodolichodorus (2), Paralongidorus (2), Paratrichodorus (11), Paratylenchus (3), Pratylenchus (24), Punctodera (3), Quinisulcius (3), Radopholus (5), Rotylenchulus (3), Rotylenchus (1), Scutellonema (5), Sphaeronema (1), Subanguina (3), Trichodorus (5), Tylenchorhynchus (8), Tylenchulus (2), Vittatidera (1), Xiphinema (15) and Zygotylenchus (1). For each of the 250 species main hosts and yield loss estimates are provided with an extensive bibliography. Of the 250 species, only 126 species from 33 genera are currently listed as regulated pests in one or more countries worldwide. Almost all of these 250 species were also associated with economically important crops and some also acted as vectors for viruses. © 2013 The Authors. Journal compilatio