Analysis of Humira, Electro-Acupuncture, and Pulsatile Dry Cupping on Reducing Joint Inflammation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Humira, an anti-TNF drug aimed at decreasing inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients, can cause skin diseases from rashes to skin cancer. Humira works by blocking the chemical receptor RANKL which inhibits the production of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are cells that attack and eat bone and cartilage therefore an inhibitory mechanism would cause inflammation.. By analyzing Humira’s effect on the human body, Humira can be compared to other treatments such as electro-acupuncture and pulsatile dry cupping to determine the viability of these alternative treatment methods in regards to their abilities to decrease inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients through blocking RANKL. An analysis of these treatment methods can also be used to determine the safest treatment method.. Under close examination of scientific journals written on studies where patients and animals were treated with Humira, acupuncture, and cupping for inflammation due to arthritis, the data collected suggests that Humira, electro-acupuncture, and pulsatile dry cupping all decrease inflammation in the joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. However, acupuncture causes the least harmful side-effects, with nausea and localized tingling being the most common complaints. On the other hand, localized bruising is caused by cupping and Humira is associated to an increased risk of cancer, heart failure and liver failure. Therefore, electro-acupuncture and pulsatile dry cupping are safer alternatives to Humira for the treatment of inflammation associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis. As a result, the data collected from this review supports that acupuncture has the same therapeutic effects as Humira, but is less deleterious and an overall better treatment method to Rheumatoid Arthritis compared to Humira

The Regulatory Component of Health Care Reform

Explains the rationales and goals of regulatory intervention. Assesses the likelihood that proposed changes to regulations will be implemented as a component of healthcare reform or that they will help control costs and improve efficiency

The Total Value of the $1 Federal Reserve Note: Factoring in Physicality and the Consumer

Consumers are using cash less often. This is especially the case in high-value transactions. However, the $1 Federal Reserve Note continues to hold its ground in the realm of micropayments, transactions having a value of less than$5. Economists argue that the staying power of the $1 bill is largely the result of there being no economically efficient electronic method of executing micropayments. This paper argues that the reason for the continued existence of the$1 Federal Reserve Note lies elsewhere—in the physical nature of the note. Economists see the note as merely a marker or token for purchasing power, which is continually declining. Based on this view, they logically predict the imminent death of the note. This view is simplistic as it does not consider the $1 Federal Reserve Note as a thing in itself, as an object bearing a value all its own. As physical objects, notes carry economic, social, collectible, and symbolic values unrelated to what the note can buy.Federal Reserve Note; physicality; payment instruments; micropayments; small value transactions; network economics; collectibles; symbolic value; dollar bill; consumers

Voicing Transformations and a Linear Representation of Uniform Triadic Transformations (Preprint name)

Motivated by analytical methods in mathematical music theory, we determine the structure of the subgroup $\mathcal{J}$ of $GL(3,\mathbb{Z}_{12})$ generated by the three voicing reflections. We determine the centralizer of $\mathcal{J}$ in both $GL(3,\mathbb{Z}_{12})$ and the monoid ${Aff}(3,\mathbb{Z}_{12})$ of affine transformations, and recover a Lewinian duality for trichords containing a generator of $\mathbb{Z}_{12}$. We present a variety of musical examples, including Wagner's hexatonic Grail motive and the diatonic falling fifths as cyclic orbits, an elaboration of our earlier work with Satyendra on Schoenberg, String Quartet in $D$ minor, op. 7, and an affine musical map of Joseph Schillinger. Finally, we observe, perhaps unexpectedly, that the retrograde inversion enchaining operation RICH (for arbitrary 3-tuples) belongs to the setwise stabilizer $\mathcal{H}$ in $\Sigma_3 \ltimes \mathcal{J}$ of root position triads. This allows a more economical description of a passage in Webern, Concerto for Nine Instruments, op. 24 in terms of a morphism of group actions. Some of the proofs are located in the Supplementary Material file, so that this main article can focus on the applications