A PISCICULTURA PODE MINIMIZAR OS EFEITOS DA EUTROFIZAÇÃO?

No arquivo em PDF

Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among individuals with chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is currently considered a global epidemic, with alarming estimates for the coming years on all continents, with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) as one of its main consequences when a timely diagnosis is not made. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of DM among individuals diagnosed with CKD by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out in the main free-access databases such as Pubmed (Medlaine), Lilacs, Scopus and Scielo. Two researchers selected the articles, extracted the data and evaluated the quality. The collected data were evaluated using a random effects model. RESULTS: Of 994 articles, 17 studies were included that looked at three continents. The group prevalence of DM among individuals with CKD (95% CI) was 29% (23-35%), with heterogeneity I2 = 99,86% and p = 0.00, which was not explained by meta-regression and subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed the high prevalence of DM among individuals with CKD, especially among those with end-stage renal disease, demonstrating the need for early diagnosis and timely treatment of DM and new studies in this area, considering the social and economic impact of these diseases worldwide

Uma oficina de novidades : a implantação de núcleos urbanos na capitania de São Paulo, 1765-1775

Este trabalho apresenta parte dos resultados da tese de doutorado Método e Arte: criação urbana e organização territorial na capitania de São Paulo, 1765-1811, desenvolvida na Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, com apoio de bolsa da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo.Este artigo acompanha algumas dinâmicas de implantação de núcleos urbanos na capitania de São Paulo durante a administração do governador e capitão-general Morgado de Mateus (1765-1775). Destacam-se momentos significativos do processo de formação de paisagens urbanas, desde o recrutamento de povoadores e a busca de sítios até a definição dos traçados. A intenção é mostrar que a Coroa portuguesa foi tentando organizar determinados modos de conduzir a expansão urbana, ao passo que experiências e circunstâncias locais constantemente exigiram arranjos novos e específicos. A análise fundamenta-se numa seleção da documentação oficial já publicada e também em correspondência, em boa parte inédita, proveniente de agentes locais encarregados de tarefas ligadas ao povoamento. Procura-se tratar da política urbanizadora daquele período como um processo desenvolvido num contexto de conflitos mais do que como produto de um projeto pré-delineado por autoridades metropolitanas ou alheio a realidades do lugar. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis article investigates some of the dynamics associated with the establishment of urban nuclei in the captaincy of São Paulo during the administration of the Morgado de Mateus, governor and captain-general of the captaincy from 1765 to 1775. Several significant aspects about the formation process of urban landscapes stand out, from the recruitment of settlers and the search for suitable sites to the definition of urban layouts. The intention of this study is to show that the Portuguese crown made efforts to organize certain processes for conducting urban expansion, whilst local experience and circumstances continually demanded new and specific arrangements. The analysis is based on a selection of previously-published official documents, as well as mostly unpublished correspondence from local agents in charge of settlement-related tasks. The urbanization policy of the period is dealt with as a process that was executed in the context of conflicts, rather than as the product of a project pre-planned by metropolitan authorities or detached from the realities of the place at that time

Acidente vascular cerebral em crianças com anemia falciforme: uma revisão integrativa

INTRODUÇÃO: A AF é uma doença genética autossômica hereditária em que sua fisiopatologia leva à falcização e à hemólise o que aumenta o risco de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), inclusive em crianças. A população na África equatorial, região mediterrânea e Turquia são mais comumente afetada pela AF. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as repercussões de um acidente vascular cerebral em crianças diagnosticadas previamente com anemia falciforme. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa na base de dados PUBMED utilizando os descritores “PEDIATRIC STROKE AND SICKLE CELL’’ para artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2024. DISCUSSÃO: O AVC pode ocorrer em até 15,7% dos pacientes pediátricos com diagnóstico de anemia falciforme. Mesmo com prevalência inferior às outras complicações, sua taxa de mortalidade é elevada. O maior risco do primeiro AVC isquêmico ocorrer é na primeira década de vida. O risco de AVC em pacientes com anemia ferropriva é 300 vezes maior em comparação a pessoas sem a doença. CONCLUSÃO: pacientes com AF possuem um maior risco de acometimento neurológico como o AVC. Crianças com AF devem ser acompanhadas e triadas para alterações neurológicas. O uso de AAS não é estabelecido como profilaxia para casos de AVC nessa condição

Avanços Contemporâneos na Compreensão da Fisiopatologia, Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna: Uma Revisão Abrangente.

A próstata humana, um órgão em forma de pirâmide próximo à bexiga, desempenha um papel crucial na produção do fluido seminal. A hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB), um crescimento não canceroso das células da próstata, é comum em homens acima de 40 anos, afetando significativamente a qualidade de vida. A HPB não está relacionada ao câncer de próstata, mas pode causar sintomas urinários irritativos e obstrutivos, como diminuição do fluxo urinário e urgência miccional. A prevalência da HPB aumenta com a idade, afetando até 90% dos homens na oitava década de vida. O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental, com a triagem recomendada para homens entre 55 e 69 anos, considerando fatores de risco individuais e antecedentes familiares. O toque retal e a dosagem de PSA são métodos de triagem essenciais, embora o PSA possa ter limitações de especificidade. O tratamento da HPB pode envolver abordagens farmacológicas e cirúrgicas. Os bloqueadores alfa-adrenérgicos e os inibidores da 5-alfa-redutase são comuns para aliviar sintomas e reduzir o tamanho da próstata. Em casos mais graves, intervenções cirúrgicas, como a ressecção transuretral da próstata (RTUP) e a prostatectomia aberta, podem ser necessárias. A pesquisa contínua é essencial para desenvolver novas estratégias de manejo da HPB, especialmente com o envelhecimento da população, prevendo-se um aumento na incidência da doença. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar, incluindo avaliação física, exames laboratoriais e de imagem, é crucial para determinar o melhor curso de tratamento para cada paciente

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions