Coincident locations of rupture nucleation during the 2019 Le Teil earthquake, France and maximum stress change from local cement quarrying

AbstractEarthquake occurrence is ultimately controlled by tectonic stress load. Nevertheless, the 2019, Mw = 4.9, Le Teil earthquake in southern France occurred in an area where strain rates are relatively low. Human operations can produce increases in stress load and degradation of strength on nearby active faults, which raises the potential for failure. Here we present estimates of the rupture geometry and source directivity of the Le Teil earthquake based on differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry and seismic data. We find that almost two centuries of mass removal at a nearby cement quarry likely provided the required stress change to hasten the occurrence of the Le Teil earthquake by more than 18,000 years. We suggest that further mass removal in the area might lead to even stronger earthquakes, by activating deeper sectors of the same fault plane

Editorial Expression of Concern: Coincident locations of rupture nucleation during the 2019 Le Teil earthquake, France and maximum stress change from local cement quarrying

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Author Correction: Coincident locations of rupture nucleation during the 2019 Le Teil earthquake, France and maximum stress change from local cement quarrying

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00109-

Determination of glacier retreat at Nevado del Ruiz, Santa Isabel and Tolima volcanoes, Colombia through optical image and Din-SAR

We performed a quantification of glacier retreat of Nevado del Ruiz Volcano (VNR), Nevado de Santa Isabel Volcano (VNSI) and Nevado del Tolima Volcano (VNT), using satellite images Landsat 8 OLI TIRS and coherence images obtained by DinSAR technique of Radarsat II images. Spectral indexes and supervised image classification were calculated to differentiate the ice boundary. Between 2010 and 2015 the ice sheet of the volcanoes under study has reated 24%, 42% and 60% respectively. The coherence images show similar results as those obtained by optical images. The use of coherence images can be used for the delimitation of ice and rock in glacial areas. The ash on the ice sheet is a particular phenomenon on the VNR ice cap, which complicates the delimitation of the glacier surface for that volcano.Se realizó una cuantificación del retroceso glaciar del Volcán Nevado del Ruiz (VNR), Volcán Nevado de Santa Isabel (VNSI) y el Volcán Nevado del Tolima (VNT), utilizando imágenes satelitales Landsat 8 OLI TIRS. Se calcularon índices espectrales y clasificación supervisada de imágenes para diferenciar el límite entre hielo, se utilizó la técnica DinSAR usando imágenes de Radarsat II, específicamente las imágenes de coherencia. Entre 2010 y 2015 la capa de hielo de los volcanes en estudio ha retrocedido 24%, 42% y 60% respectivamente. Las imágenes de coherencia muestran resultados similares que los obtenidos mediante imágenes ópticas. El uso de las imágenes de coherencia puede utilizarse para la delimitación de hielo y roca en zonas glaciares. La ceniza sobre la capa de hielo es un fenómeno particular sobre el casquete glaciar del VNR, lo que complica la delimitación de la superficie glaciar para ese volcán

Temporary wetland evolution in the upper Chinchiná river basin and its relationship with ecosystem dynamics

A study was performed regarding high Andean wetland degradation in a paramo area between the municipalities of Villamaría and Manizales, Colombia, by way of multi-temporal analysis, using satellite images from optical sensors, such as LANDSAT and RAPIDEYE, as well as images from RADAR sensors (ALOS PALSAR, SENTINEL 1), and analysis of anthropic and natural factors. As a result, the wetlands have begun a significant, linear decline with 67.9% water mirror loss in a nine-year period. There is also a direct relationship between wetland loss, and decreases in precipitation, and anthropization processes. It was determined, from the anthropic factor analysis, that that livestock and agricultural land use are those which cause the greatest negative effect on wetland decline in the studied area

Temporary wetland evolution in the upper Chinchiná river basin and its relationship with ecosystem dynamics

A study was performed regarding high Andean wetland degradation in a paramo area between the municipalities of Villamaría and Manizales, Colombia, by way of multi-temporal analysis, using satellite images from optical sensors, such as LANDSAT and RAPIDEYE, as well as images from RADAR sensors (ALOS PALSAR, SENTINEL 1), and analysis of anthropic and natural factors. As a result, the wetlands have begun a significant, linear decline with 67.9% water mirror loss in a nine-year period. There is also a direct relationship between wetland loss, and decreases in precipitation, and anthropization processes. It was determined, from the anthropic factor analysis, that that livestock and agricultural land use are those which cause the greatest negative effect on wetland decline in the studied areaSe realizó un estudio sobre el deterioro de humedales alto andinos en una zona de Páramo entre los municipios de Villamaría y Manizales (Colombia), mediante un análisis multitemporal utilizando imágenes de satélite provenientes de sensores ópticos, tales como LANDSAT y RAPIDEYE e imágenes provenientes de sensores de RADAR (ALOS PALSAR, SENTINEL 1) y análisis de factores antrópicos y naturales, como resultado los humedales han tenido un retroceso significativo con una tendencia lineal para una pérdida de espejos de agua del 67,9% en un periodo de 9 años. Existe una relación directa entre la pérdida de humedales y la disminución de precipitación, así como con los procesos de antropización. Del análisis de factores antrópicos se puede determinar que el uso pecuario y agrícola son los usos que en su mayoría han presentado un efecto negativo referido al deterioro de los humedales en el área de trabaj

A Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Bibliography

Native to Africa, the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), has gradually invaded most coffee-growing areas worldwide. Adult females colonize the coffee berry and oviposit within galleries in the coffee seeds. Larvae and adults consume the seeds, resulting in drastic reductions in yields and quality, negatively affecting the income of approximately 20 million coffee-growing families (~100 million people) in ~80 countries, with losses surpassing more than $500 million annually (Vega et al. 2015). It has become evident that the coffee berry borer scientific community could greatly benefit from having access to a bibliography of the literature related to the insect. Such an information source would allow scientists to find out what research areas have been explored throughout the many coffee berry borer-infested countries after more than 100 years of research on the topic. It could also help to direct lead future research efforts into novel areas, and away from topics and ideas that have been thoroughly investigated in the past