18,346 research outputs found
Serum Bile Acid Concentrations, Histopathological Features, and Short-, and Long-term Survival in Horses with Hepatic Disease
BACKGROUND: Serum bile acid concentrations (SBA) and a histopathological biopsy score [Equine Vet J 35 (2003) 534] are used prognostically in equine hepatic disease. HYPOTHESIS: Histopathologic features and scores, but not SBA, differ between survivors and nonsurvivors and correlate with histopathologic evidence of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. ANIMALS: Retrospective study. Records (1999â2011) of horses with hepatic disease diagnosed by biopsy and with concurrent measurements of SBA. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Biopsies were examined for inflammatory cell infiltration including type and distribution, fibrosis, irreversible cytopathology affecting hepatocytes, hemosiderin, or other pigment deposition and bile duct proliferation. SBA, histopathological findings and a histological score [Equine Vet J 35 (2003) 534] were compared between shortâ (survival to discharge) and longâterm (>6Â months) survivors and correlations between SBA and histopathological findings investigated. RESULTS: Of 81 cases 90% survived shortâterm and 83% longâterm. Shortâterm and longâterm nonsurvival were associated with SBA (PÂ =Â .009; PÂ =Â .006), overall (PÂ =Â .001; PÂ =Â .002) and parenchymal (shortâterm only; PÂ =Â .01) inflammation, portal and bridging fibrosis (all PÂ <Â .001), apoptosis or single cell necrosis (PÂ <Â .001; PÂ =Â .008), hemosiderin deposition in hepatocytes (PÂ =Â .011; PÂ =Â .028), biliary (both PÂ <Â .001), vascular (PÂ =Â .003; PÂ =Â .045) and endothelial (PÂ <Â .001; PÂ =Â .02) hyperplasia, nucleic changes (PÂ =Â .004; PÂ <Â .001) and the histopathological score (both PÂ <Â .001). SBA were significantly and positively correlated with overall (PÂ =Â .001), parenchymal (PÂ <Â .001) and portal (PÂ =Â .004) inflammation and portal (PÂ =Â .036) and bridging (PÂ =Â .002) fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: SBA, histopathological findings and scores differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. SBA concentrations are associated with inflammation and fibrosis suggesting interference with hepatic function. A histopathological score >2 and, less so, SBA >20Â ÎŒmol/L are specific but not sensitive indicators of nonsurvival
Town of New Durham Stormwater Management & Erosion Control Project
Appledore Engineering worked with the New Durham Planning Board to develop a stormwater management and erosion control ordinance and to adopt complimentary improvements to the townâs site plan review and subdivision regulations
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