The "paradox" of computability and a recursive relative version of the Busy Beaver function

In this article, we will show that uncomputability is a relative property not only of oracle Turing machines, but also of subrecursive classes. We will define the concept of a Turing submachine, and a recursive relative version for the Busy Beaver function which we will call Busy Beaver Plus function. Therefore, we will prove that the computable Busy Beaver Plus function defined on any Turing submachine is not computable by any program running on this submachine. We will thereby demonstrate the existence of a "paradox" of computability a la Skolem: a function is computable when "seen from the outside" the subsystem, but uncomputable when "seen from within" the same subsystem. Finally, we will raise the possibility of defining universal submachines, and a hierarchy of negative Turing degrees.Comment: 10 pages. 0 figures. Supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil. Book chapter published in Information and Complexity, Mark Burgin and Cristian S. Calude (Editors), World Scientific Publishing, 2016, ISBN 978-981-3109-02-5, available at http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/10017. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1612.0522

On the Intrinsic Locality Properties of Web Reference Streams

There has been considerable work done in the study of Web reference streams: sequences of requests for Web objects. In particular, many studies have looked at the locality properties of such streams, because of the impact of locality on the design and performance of caching and prefetching systems. However, a general framework for understanding why reference streams exhibit given locality properties has not yet emerged. In this work we take a first step in this direction, based on viewing the Web as a set of reference streams that are transformed by Web components (clients, servers, and intermediaries). We propose a graph-based framework for describing this collection of streams and components. We identify three basic stream transformations that occur at nodes of the graph: aggregation, disaggregation and filtering, and we show how these transformations can be used to abstract the effects of different Web components on their associated reference streams. This view allows a structured approach to the analysis of why reference streams show given properties at different points in the Web. Applying this approach to the study of locality requires good metrics for locality. These metrics must meet three criteria: 1) they must accurately capture temporal locality; 2) they must be independent of trace artifacts such as trace length; and 3) they must not involve manual procedures or model-based assumptions. We describe two metrics meeting these criteria that each capture a different kind of temporal locality in reference streams. The popularity component of temporal locality is captured by entropy, while the correlation component is captured by interreference coefficient of variation. We argue that these metrics are more natural and more useful than previously proposed metrics for temporal locality. We use this framework to analyze a diverse set of Web reference traces. We find that this framework can shed light on how and why locality properties vary across different locations in the Web topology. For example, we find that filtering and aggregation have opposing effects on the popularity component of the temporal locality, which helps to explain why multilevel caching can be effective in the Web. Furthermore, we find that all transformations tend to diminish the correlation component of temporal locality, which has implications for the utility of different cache replacement policies at different points in the Web.National Science Foundation (ANI-9986397, ANI-0095988); CNPq-Brazi

Algorithmic information and incompressibility of families of multidimensional networks

This article presents a theoretical investigation of string-based generalized representations of families of finite networks in a multidimensional space. First, we study the recursive labeling of networks with (finite) arbitrary node dimensions (or aspects), such as time instants or layers. In particular, we study these networks that are formalized in the form of multiaspect graphs. We show that, unlike classical graphs, the algorithmic information of a multidimensional network is not in general dominated by the algorithmic information of the binary sequence that determines the presence or absence of edges. This universal algorithmic approach sets limitations and conditions for irreducible information content analysis in comparing networks with a large number of dimensions, such as multilayer networks. Nevertheless, we show that there are particular cases of infinite nesting families of finite multidimensional networks with a unified recursive labeling such that each member of these families is incompressible. From these results, we study network topological properties and equivalences in irreducible information content of multidimensional networks in comparison to their isomorphic classical graph.Comment: Extended preprint version of the pape

Aggregation Problems in Estimates of Armington Elasticities and Pass-Through Effects

This article examines the level of aggregation problem for which Armington price elasticity of substitution and pass-through effects are usually estimated. On the basis of U.S. import data from 1995 to 2004 of wood products from Brazil and Mexico, it is argued that the usuallevels of aggregation used in the estimates for the elasticity of substitution are too high, since they tend to aggregate perfectly elastic products together with products whose elasticities vary from zero to any negative number. Analogously, the elasticity of relative prices with respect to the exchange rate, a measure of the pass-through effect, tends to be underestimated in the U.S. by the presence of homogeneous products whose prices are set in dollars and tend to equalize through arbitrage. Therefore, pricing-to-market estimates may be grossly overestimated for some industries in the U.S.Homogeneous Products, Differentiated Product, Pass-Through, Pricing-to-Market, Law of One Price

Recipes in Paulista Cuisine, Brazil (19th and 20th Centuries)

This study presents how transnational mobility contributed to the formation of many Brazilian cuisines, examining the contributions from Native Brazilian, enslaved Africans, European colonizers, and immigrants. The analysis comprised the culinary manuscripts of women resident of Campinas during the years 1835-1960, seeking to comprehend the choices and assimilations between different food cultures

Homeopathy in brazilian medical schools: results of an exploratory investigation

No Brasil, a Homeopatia é uma especialidade médica reconhecida desde 1980, mas sua presença nas escolas médicas ainda é rara. Essa é uma das causas da falta de conhecimentos sobre Homeopatia, que dificulta a interlocução entre os médicos homeopatas e os demais profissionais de saúde. A perspectiva de ampliação da assistência homeopática na rede pública após a publicação da Portaria 971*, com a política do Ministério da Saúde para as medicinas não convencionais, cria a iminência de maior contato entre os profissionais homeopatas e não homeopatas. Essa situação origina a necessidade de projetos de educação que divulguem a cultura homeopática de forma mais ampla e sistematizada, e as faculdades de Medicina constituem um espaço privilegiado para promover essas atividades. Este artigo apresenta um panorama da presença da Homeopatia nas faculdades de Medicina do País nos dias atuais. Os dados foram obtidos em investigação exploratória realizada como parte de uma pesquisa que estudou as relações entre Homeopatia e Biomedicina enquanto medicinas partícipes de um campo comum, buscando compreender os movimentos de aproximação e afastamento entre ambas, segundo o ponto de vista dos profissionais não homeopatas.In Brazil homeopathy is recognized as a medical specialization since 1980, its presence in medical schools however is still rare. This lack of knowledge about homeopathy is one of the reasons for the difficult dialogue between homeopathic physicians and other health professionals. The perspective of an extension of homeopathic assistance in the public health network after the publication of Directive 971 along with the policy of the Ministry of Health for non-conventional medicine creates the need for more contact between homeopathic and non-homeopathic professionals. This situation calls for educational projects that disseminate the homeopathic culture on a larger and more systematic basis and for the establishment of a privileged space for promoting these activities by the Medical schools. The objective of this study is to present a picture of the presence of homeopathy in medical schools in Brazil in our days. The data were obtained in an exploratory investigation carried out as part of a research studying the relationship between Homeopathy and Biomedicine as branches belonging to a common field, with the aim to understand their proximities and distances from the point-of-view of the non-homeopathic professionals

AS INSTITUIÇÕES MUNICIPAIS DE ENSINO SUPERIOR NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: CATEGORIAS JURÍDICAS E ACADÊMICAS.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma pesquisa, sobre as Instituições Municipais de Ensino Superior (IMES) do Estado de São Paulo, no contexto do ensino superior brasileiro. Os dados cotejados e sistematizados referem-se: número de IMES supervisionadas pelo Conselho Estadual de Educação do Estado de São Paulo, categorias jurídicas, categorias acadêmicas e número de matrículas efetivadas. O método de abordagem é o dedutivo, pois a proposta é analisar um fenômeno específico: o crescimento das Instituições Municipais de Ensino Superior no Estado de São Paulo, entre 1998 e 2002. As técnicas de pesquisa empregadas foram a bibliográfica e a documental. As instituições municipais de ensino superior podem ser categorizadas como públicas ou privadas, mas sempre criadas ou transformadas por Lei Municipal. A observação das transformações que o ensino superior municipal brasileiro está experimentando nos últimos vinte anos permitirá a reformulação das políticas públicas concernentes às IMES, uma vez que o acesso ao ensino superior constitui-se matéria relevante, e é uma demanda constante da sociedade e dever de Estado

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL E PORTUGAL: O PODER LOCAL

O objetivo geral deste estudo é estabelecer uma comparação possível entre autores de Portugal e do Brasil, quanto às políticas de transferência de responsabilidades do Estado para o nível local (municipal). O objetivo específico deste trabalho é realizar uma análise teórica e inserir os dados coletados sobre instituições municipais de ensino superior (IMES-1999 a 2007) no Estado de São Paulo, demostrando que elas estão distribuídas por todo o interior do Estado, em cidades de médio porte (educação a nível local). A expansão e democratização do ensino superior envolve o ensino municipal, em países com grande extensão territorial como o Brasil. Estas instituições têm a vantagem de estarem ligadas à questões de pesquisa e de ensino locais,especialmente na região onde se situam. As IMES desenharam uma nova geografia para o ensino superior, ao contribuírem para o processo de interiorização, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo. As fronteiras que restringiam as IES às Capitais dos Estados foram deslocadas pela iniciativa dos municípios