LIPID DISTRIBUTION IN THE MEAT OF JAU (Zungaro jahu) AND THE INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON ITS FAT STABILITY

The aim of this study was to determine the total lipid content in nine different body regions of jau catfish (Zungaro jahu), and evaluate the nutritional composition, energy value and lipid oxidation of jau meat during 15 days at 4°C, before (T1) and after freezing (T2) for 105 days at –20°C. The body regions were divided into anterior-dorsal (P1), anterior-medial (P2), anterior-ventral (P3), central-dorsal (P4), central-medial (P5), central-ventral (P6), posterior-dorsal (P7), posterior-medial (P8), and posterior-ventral (P9). Jau catfish contained high protein (20.17%), low lipid (0.60%) and low energy value (88.36 kcal 100g-1). The increase of malondialdehyde - MDA (0.2 to 2.5 mg MDA/kg) was more pronounced (P<0.05) after freezing period (T2). Among all body regions analyzed, ventral portions (P3, P6 and P9) presented highest total lipid content (P<0.05). Our study revealed that total lipid varies depending on body regions. Moreover, both refrigerated and frozen storage did not avoid MDA formation

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Plays A Beneficial Effect On Subclinical Atherosclerosis In Young Survivors Of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body composition, metabolic profile, adipokines, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in young survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This cross-sectional study compared 55 ALL survivors, of chronological age between 15 years and 24 years, assigned into two groups according to the exposure to cranial radiation therapy (CRT; 25 irradiated and 30 nonirradiated) with 24 leukemia-free controls, and assessed body fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), computed tomography scan-derived abdominal adipose tissue, lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), adipokines, and cIMT by a multiple regression analysis. Treatment with CRT had an effect on all of the variables derived from the computed tomography scan: visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (P<0.050). In a multiple linear regression model, cIMT positively correlated with exposure to CRT (P=0.029), diastolic BP (P=0.016), and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (P=0.048), while negatively related to SAT (P=0.007). In young survivors of childhood ALL, CRT modified the distribution of fat and played a critical role in determining cIMT. Leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, a biomarker of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome, and diastolic BP also influenced cIMT, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Nonetheless, adiposity-associated vascular disease might be attenuated by SAT. Changes in body fat must be evaluated in this group of patients in the early course of survivorship in order to avoid premature cardiovascular disease associated with atherosclerosis. Yet, further research as regards the possible protective effect of SAT on vascular disease is warranted.11479-48

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Production system influences color stability and lipid oxidation in gluteus medius muscle

Objective We aimed to evaluate the color and oxidative stability of beef gluteus medius (GM) from cattle raised in organic and non-organic production systems. Methods The GM samples (n = 10) were obtained from organic (ORG; n = 5) or non-organic (NORG; n = 5) beef samples, sliced into 2.54-cm steaks, packaged in aerobic conditions, and stored for nine days at 4°C. ORG and NORG steaks were compared regarding myoglobin concentration, pH, instrumental color, delta E (ΔE), metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), and lipid oxidation on days 0, 5, and 9. Results Feeding system did not influence (p>0.05) the myoglobin concentration. ORG steaks exhibited greater (p0.05) lightness and hue angle. During storage, ORG and NORG exhibited an increase in muscle pH, hue angle, and lipid oxidation; and a decrease (p0.05) pattern for lightness and MRA. Conclusion Therefore, the production system can affect beef color and lipid stability during storage

Influence of muscle source on proximate composition, texture profile and protein oxidation of beef from grain-finished Bos indicus cattle

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of muscle type on protein oxidation, texture profile (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness) and proximate composition of beef from grain-finished Bos indicus (Nellore) cattle in Brazil. The muscles longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) were collected 24 h post mortem from eight (n=8) Nellore bull carcasses, fabricated into five steaks (1.5-cm) and displayed under aerobic conditions for nine days at 4 °C. Proximate composition and texture profile were analyzed on day 0, whereas protein oxidation was analyzed during 9 days of storage. LL exhibited greater (P<0.05) protein concentration than PM steaks, whereas PM demonstrated greater (P<0.05) lipid and ash content than their correlative LL. In addition, LL steaks exhibited greater (P<0.05) hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness than PM steaks. In contrast, protein oxidation was greater (P<0.05) in PM than in LL steaks throughout the storage. The results suggest that the differences of muscle metabolism and composition contributed to the variation on biochemical attributes and texture profile of LL and PM steaks. Muscle-specific strategies are indicated to improve the color stability of PM steaks from grain-finished Bos indicus cattle

A FARMÁCIA UNIVERSITÁRIA DISCUTINDO O TEMA “FARMÁCIAS MAGISTRAIS: INOVAÇÕES E SEUS DESAFIOS NOS SEUS 30 ANOS DE EXISTÊNCIA

Introdução: O caminho percorrido por uma Farmácia Escola Magistral dentro de uma universidade pública é uma história recheada de desafios. Responsável pela formação de muitos farmacêuticos, ao longo desses anos, a Farmácia Universitária (FU) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) tornou-se importante não só pelo ensino e pesquisa ali desenvolvidos, mas pelo enorme comprometimento com o caráter de extensão universitária. Completando 30 anos de criação a FU promoveu, em 2016, seu II Workshop para mostrar o que foi desenvolvido pela sua equipe nesses anos e discutir o que pode ser implementado no futuro. O II Workshop da FU cujo tema foi: "Farmácias Magistrais: Inovações e seus Desafios” contou com a participação de cerca de 200 pessoas entre palestrantes, farmacêuticos e outros profissionais de saúde além de usuários de medicamentos e alunos de cursos de Farmácia e de outros cursos da área de saúde. Objetivos: Discutir novas tecnologias visando suas aplicações nas diversas demandas sobre medicamentos geradas pela população que a FU atende. Procedimentos metodológicos: O evento foi realizado no período de 29 e 30 de novembro de 2016 no Auditório Maria Thereza Lima da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFRJ localizado no prédio da Faculdade de Farmácia na Cidade Universitária. Foi estruturado da seguinte forma: 01 Conferência, 03 Mesas Redondas, Apresentação de 13 trabalhos de pesquisa e extensão desenvolvidos na FU/UFRJ e Solenidade de Encerramento com o lançamento da 2ª edição do “Memento Terapêutico da FU da UFRJ” (conjunto de informações técnico-científicas orientadoras sobre medicamentos que a FU manipula). Resultados: Com a participação de farmacêuticos que trabalham no setor magistral utilizando ferramentas mais modernas na preparação de medicamentos e de prescritores que buscam alternativas para o tratamento dos doentes que acompanham, foi possível se chegar a um consenso sobre o que a FU precisa investir em benefício do usuário de medicamentos. Inúmeras solicitações para manipulação de novas formulações medicamentosas surgiram a partir das apresentações dos palestrantes em função das necessidades da população que frequenta as clínicas de pediatria, endocrinologia e metabologia bem como dermatologia. Também surgiram muitas dúvidas que precisam ser sanadas sobre estabilidade das formulações, por exemplo, cabendo à universidade pesquisar para garantir ao setor magistral medicamentos de qualidade e confiáveis. Importante enfatizar o espaço destinado à apresentação de alguns trabalhos de pesquisa e extensão, que foram ou são desenvolvidos na FU, que mostraram aos presentes a contribuição da FU na garantia de acesso a medicamentos necessários, eficazes, seguros por um custo menor. Conclusões: Nada melhor para o usuário de medicamentos poder contar com uma farmácia magistral