Deconstructing the “War of All Against All”: The Prevalence and Implications of War Metaphors and Other Adversarial News Schema in TIME, Newsweek, and Maclean’s

This study examines and critiques the discursive construction of a Hobbesian “war of all against all” in North American commercial news magazines. The prevalence of war metaphors and related adversarial news schemas is documented over a twenty year period, from 1981 to 2000, through an analysis of TIME and Newsweek, along with their Canadian counterpart Maclean’s. After documenting the pervasiveness of these discursive constructs, the paper discusses the underlying causes and potential consequences of these patterns in commercial news discourse. The paper concludes by asserting that this discursively constructed “war of all against all” is highly problematic and unsustainable in an age of increasing social and ecological interdependence. Accordingly, scholars who are interested in peace and conflict resolution would do well to take into account the role that news discourse and other forms of mass-mediated communication play in the perpetuation of social conflict

The codes of adversarialism

This dissertation critiques the codes ofadversarialism that have come to dominate contemporary Western cultures. It begins by articulating a theory of culture and cultural change. It proceeds by analyzing the dominant concepts ofpower that inform Westernliberal cultures and the normative adversarialism that derives from them. Next, it demonstrates the relatively ubiquitous and indiscriminate expression of normative adversarialism throughout the public sphere in Western cultures - within our economic, political, legal, mass media, social advocacy, and even academic arenas. In each of these arenas, moreover, it points out that adversarial structures and practices appear to privilege more powerful social groups. Thus the dissertation suggests that normative adversarialism can be understood as a hegemonic construct - a widely cultivated set of "common sense" assumptions and beliefs that constrain the social imagination while serving the interests of privileged segments of society who owe their ascendancy in human affairs to them. The dissertation then critiques the culture of adversarialism from an external vantage point, through the perspective of various non-adversarial alternatives that have been marginalized by it. From this external vantage point, the culture of adversarialism appears both oppressive and culturally maladaptive - especially under conditions of increasing social and ecological interdependence. This insight, the dissertation concludes, provides a valuable new framework for social theory, research, and praxis

Банковская система РФ

В данной статье изложены материалы по теме "Банковская система РФ", в которой описаны основные понятия, функции и структура, показаны рейтинг банков, сущность банковской системы РФ

Nebraska\u27s Advantage: Productive Agriculture and Bountiful Natural Resources

Nebraska\u27s Advantage: Productive Agriculture and Bountiful Natural Resources You can’t talk about healthy production systems and natural resource systems without also thinking about the resilience. We need to harmonize production agriculture in a way that ensures the resilience of our natural ecosystems and rural communities—all while addressing bundles of grand challenges

Transcriptome and genome sequencing uncovers functional variation in humans

Summary Genome sequencing projects are discovering millions of genetic variants in humans, and interpretation of their functional effects is essential for understanding the genetic basis of variation in human traits. Here we report sequencing and deep analysis of mRNA and miRNA from lymphoblastoid cell lines of 462 individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project – the first uniformly processed RNA-seq data from multiple human populations with high-quality genome sequences. We discovered extremely widespread genetic variation affecting regulation of the majority of genes, with transcript structure and expression level variation being equally common but genetically largely independent. Our characterization of causal regulatory variation sheds light on cellular mechanisms of regulatory and loss-of-function variation, and allowed us to infer putative causal variants for dozens of disease-associated loci. Altogether, this study provides a deep understanding of the cellular mechanisms of transcriptome variation and of the landscape of functional variants in the human genome

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2

Human matrix metalloproteinases: An ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes

Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes