A businessman\u27s view of the Lytton report

https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/eastbooks/1039/thumbnail.jp

CHANGES IN MECHANICAL POWER AND RUNNING ECONOMY IN DISTANCE RUNNERS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between changes in running economy and running mechanics by using a segment kinematics approach. Six male university distance runners performed treadmill running before and after the 4 month period, while oxygen consumption and running motion were also measured. Mechanical power was calculated by a segment kinematics approach, the data for 4 of 6 subjects were analysed. Running economy for 2 of 4 subjects were improved and mechanical power were decreased. Running economy for the other 2 subjects deteriorated but change in mechanical power was different for one subject which decreased while for increasing for another subject. The relationships between changes in running economy and running mechanics varied with the individual runner

Replacement and late formation of atmospheric N2 on undifferentiated Titan by impacts

Saturn’s moon, Titan, has remarkable surface features—a massive N2 atmosphere and hydrological cycle of CH4—that are often compared with that of Earth^1^. However, the origin and evolution of Titan’s atmosphere remains largely unknown. The proposed formation mechanisms for Titan’s N2 require a prolonged, warm proto-atmosphere during accretion^2-4^. These mechanisms accordingly would not have worked efficiently if Titan stayed cold, as indicated by the incompletely differentiated interior observed by Cassini^5^. Because formation of a massive secondary atmosphere on a planetary body would associate with a major differentiation of its sold body during accretion^6–8^, the presence of such an atmosphere on undifferentiated cold Titan poses a serious dilemma on our view of how planetary bodies develop atmospheres. Here we propose a new mechanism for the post-accretion formation of Titan’s N2 to resolve this problem: conversion and replenishment of N2 from NH3 contained in Titan by impacts during the late heavy bombardment (LHB)^9^. Our results show that Titan, regardless of its thermal history, would acquire sufficient N2 to account for the current atmosphere during the LHB and that most of the pre-LHB atmosphere would have replaced by impact-induced N2. This is the first scenario capable of generating a N2-rich and nearly primordial Ar-free atmosphere on undifferentiated cold Titan. We also suggest that Titan’s N2 was delivered from a different source in the solar nebula compared with Earth and that the origins of N2 on Titan and Triton are fundamentally different with that of N2 on Pluto

A businessman\u27s view of the Lytton report

17 pages, Herald of Asia library of contemporary history ; no. 11https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/moore/1083/thumbnail.jp

CHANGES IN THE RUNNING MOTION WITH FATIGUE DURING MIDDLE-DISTANCE RUNNING

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the running motion with fatigue during middle-distance running and get the knowledge about how to maintain the running velocity under fatigued condition by comparing the running motion with fatigue to it with no fatigue. The step length at the fatigued was shorter than the non-fatigued, on the other hand the step frequency was larger than the non-fatigue. The peak ankle joint plantar flexion torque and positive torque power of the support leg at the fatigued were smaller than the non-fatigued, as well as the peak and averaged vertical GRFs. The hip joint torque and power of the recovery leg at the fatigued were significantly larger than the non-fatigued. It is appropriate for maintaining the running velocity to move the recovery leg quickly and increase the step frequency under fatigued condition