Recovery of endurance running capacity: effect of carbohydrate-protein mixtures

Including protein in a carbohydrate solution may accelerate both the rate of glycogen storage and the restoration of exercise capacity following prolonged activity. Two studies were undertaken with nine active men in study A and seven in study B. All participants performed 2 trials, each involving a 90 min run at 70% VO2max followed by a 4 h recovery. During recovery, either a 9.3% carbohydrate solution (CHO) or the same solution plus 1.5% protein (CHO-PRO) was ingested every 30 min in volumes providing either 1.2 g CHO · kg-1 · h-1 (study A) or 0.8 g CHO · kg-1 · h-1 (study B). Exercise capacity was then assessed by run time to exhaustion at 85% VO2max. Ingestion of CHO-PRO elicited greater insulinemic responses than CHO (P less than or equal to 0.05) but with no differences in run times to exhaustion. Within the context of this experimental design, CHO and CHO-PRO restored running capacity with equal effect

La Imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de Bolívar, Cauca, Córdoba y Magdalena.

Colombia ha tenido innumerables desplazamientos forzados, resultado de una conflagración que la ha herido por más de 50 años, la misma también ha dejado muchas desapariciones, muertes y movilizaciones en otras partes del territorio Colombiano, mostrando que son las áreas más afectadas las zonas caribes y pacíficas, donde se han concentrado la mayor parte los grupos armados, es importante mencionar que el dolor y las ruinas que deja la guerra a su paso cambia la vida y la historia de muchas personas, arrebatándoles sus sueños, metas y en muchas ocasiones su vida, las huellas impregnadas en las víctimas son muy difíciles de borrar, muchas de las personan logran expresar las afectaciones físicas y psicológicas que les dejó la guerra, pero también desde un rol de sobreviviente demuestran las habilidades que logran desarrollar para afrontar las adversidades y continuar incluso con grandes proyectos de vida. Por otra parte haciendo uso de la herramienta “imagen y la narrativa” se presenta el “análisis del relato de Carlos Arturo, un joven” que fue víctima de un suceso violento provocado por las FAR, y el caso “Peñas Coloradas” una comunidad que también fue afectada por la violencia; estableciendo una aproximación con las experiencias narradas, en donde se identifican afectaciones psicosociales, posicionamientos subjetivos y significados alternos, para proponer preguntas estratégicas, circulares y reflexivas, y estrategias psicosociales que aporten positivamente a la transformación de las víctimas y las comunidades desde un posicionamiento resiliente.Colombia has had innumerable forced displacements, as a result of a conflagration that has wounded it for more than 50 years, the same has also left many disappearances, deaths and mobilizations in other parts of the Colombian territory, showing that the most affected areas are the Caribbean and peaceful zones, where most of the armed groups have been concentrated, it is important to mention that the pain and the ruins that war leaves in its wake changes the lives and history of many people, It is important to mention that the pain and the ruins that war leaves in its wake change the lives and history of many people, taking away their dreams, goals and in many occasions their lives, the traces impregnated in the victims are very difficult to erase, many of the people manage to express the physical and psychological affectations that war left them, but also from a role of survivor they demonstrate the abilities that they manage to develop to face adversities and continue even with great life projects. On the other hand, using the tool "image and narrative" we present the "analysis of the story of Carlos Arturo, a young man" who was a victim of a violent event provoked by the FAR, and the case of "Peñas Coloradas", a community that was also affected by violence; establishing an approach with the experiences narrated, where psychosocial affectations, subjective positioning and alternative meanings are identified, in order to propose strategic, circular and reflexive questions and psychosocial strategies that contribute positively to the transformation of the victims and the communities from a resilient positioning

Convocation

List of performers and performances

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

The "Is mpMRI Enough" or IMRIE Study: a multicentre evaluation of prebiopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging compared with biopsy.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is now recommended prebiopsy in numerous healthcare regions based on the findings of high-quality studies from expert centres. Concern remains about reproducibility of mpMRI to rule out clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in real-world settings. Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of mpMRI for csPCa in a real-world setting. Design, setting, and participants: A multicentre, retrospective cohort study, including men referred with raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or an abnormal digital rectal examination who had undergone mpMRI followed by transrectal or transperineal biopsy, was conducted. Patients could be biopsy naïve or have had previous negative biopsies. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The primary definition for csPCa was International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group (GG) ≥2 (any Gleason ≥7); the accuracy for other definitions was also evaluated. Results and limitations: Across ten sites, 2642 men were included (January 2011–November 2018). Mean age and PSA were 65.3 yr (standard deviation [SD] 7.8 yr) and 7.5 ng/ml (SD 3.3 ng/ml), respectively. Of the patients, 35.9% had “negative MRI” (scores 1–2); 51.9% underwent transrectal biopsy and 48.1% had transperineal biopsy, with 43.4% diagnosed with csPCa overall. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) for ISUP GG ≥ 2 were 87.3% and 87.5%, respectively. The NPVs were 87.4% and 88.1% for men undergoing transrectal and transperineal biopsy, respectively. Specificity and positive predictive value of MRI were 49.8% and 49.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and NPV increased to 96.6% and 90.6%, respectively, when a PSA density threshold of 0.15 ng/ml/ml was used in MRI scores 1–2; these metrics increased to 97.5% and 91.2%, respectively, for PSA density 0.12 ng/ml/ml. ISUP GG ≥ 3 (Gleason ≥4 + 3) was found in 2.4% (15/617) of men with MRI scores 1–2. They key limitations of this study are the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of the data. Conclusions: Multiparametric MRI when used in real-world settings is able to rule out csPCa accurately, suggesting that about one-third of men might avoid an immediate biopsy. Men should be counselled about the risk of missing some significant cancers