143 research outputs found
Studies on two stage sludge digestion, 1928-29
At head of title: State of Illinois. Department of registration and education. Division of the state Water survey."Bulletins of the state water survey": 1 leaf at end."Literature cited": p. 92.Enumeration continues from preceding title
RUNX/AML and C/EBP factors regulate CD11a integrin expression in myeloid cells through overlapping regulatory elements
The CD11a/CD18 (leukocyte functionassociated
antigen 1 [LFA-1]) integrin mediates
critical leukocyte adhesive interactions
during immune and inflammatory
responses. The CD11a promoter directs
CD11a/CD18 integrin expression, and its
activity in lymphoid cells depends on a
functional RUNX1/AML-1–binding site
(AML-110) within the MS7 sequence. We
now report that MS7 contains a C/EBPbinding
site (C/EBP-100), which overlaps
with AML-110 and is bound by C/EBP
factors in myeloid cells. C/EBP and RUNX/
AML factors compete for binding to their
respective cognate elements and bind to
the CD11a promoter MS7 sequence in a
cell lineage- and differentiation-dependent
manner. In myeloid cells MS7 is
primarily recognized by C/EBP factors in
proliferating cells whereas RUNX/AMLfactors
(especially RUNX3/AML-2) bind to
MS7 in differentiated cells. RUNX3/AML-2
binding to the CD11a promoter correlates
with increased RUNX3/AML-2 protein levels
and enhanced CD11a/CD18 cell surface
expression. The relevance of the
AML-110 element is underscored by the
ability of AML-1/ETO to inhibit CD11a promoter
activity, thus explaining the low
CD11a/CD18 expression in t(8;21)–containing
myeloid leukemia cells. Therefore,
the expression of the CD11a/CD18
integrin in myeloid cells is determined
through the differential occupancy of the
CD11a proximal promoter by transcription
factors implicated in the pathogenesis
of myeloid leukemia
The parent?infant dyad and the construction of the subjective self
Developmental psychology and psychopathology has in the past been more concerned with the quality of self-representation than with the development of the subjective agency which underpins our experience of feeling, thought and action, a key function of mentalisation. This review begins by contrasting a Cartesian view of pre-wired introspective subjectivity with a constructionist model based on the assumption of an innate contingency detector which orients the infant towards aspects of the social world that react congruently and in a specifically cued informative manner that expresses and facilitates the assimilation of cultural knowledge. Research on the neural mechanisms associated with mentalisation and social influences on its development are reviewed. It is suggested that the infant focuses on the attachment figure as a source of reliable information about the world. The construction of the sense of a subjective self is then an aspect of acquiring knowledge about the world through the caregiver's pedagogical communicative displays which in this context focuses on the child's thoughts and feelings. We argue that a number of possible mechanisms, including complementary activation of attachment and mentalisation, the disruptive effect of maltreatment on parent-child communication, the biobehavioural overlap of cues for learning and cues for attachment, may have a role in ensuring that the quality of relationship with the caregiver influences the development of the child's experience of thoughts and feelings
Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe
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