8 research outputs found
Potential Antioxidant and Antiviral Activities of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Selected Lamiaceae Species
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are potential sources of natural bioactive phytochemical
compounds of an incredible worth for the food industry, such as polyphenols. Lamiaceae
medicinal and aromatic plants from Granadaâs high plateau, concretely Origanum bastetanum, Thymus
zygis gracilis, Thymus longiflorus, Thymus membranaceus and Ziziphora hispanica, were evaluated under
different conventional solidâliquid extraction conditions to obtain extracts enriched in bioactive
compounds. Phenolic profile was detected by HPLC-QTOF-MS, identifying a high abundance of
bioactive constituents. Furthermore, antioxidant and antiviral activities of the mentioned plants were
studied as biological properties of interest for the improvement of food shelf-life. Thus, Origanum
bastetanum showed the highest antioxidant potential for all assays. Antiviral activity was also tested
against some important foodborne viruses, feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV) and
hepatitis A virus (HAV), with the highest activity obtained for Ziziphora hispanica, Thymus longiflorus
and Origanum bastetanum. This research proposes the studied plants as rich sources of bioactive
compounds with potential use as preservatives in the food industry.Research Group AGR279 Ciencias de la Alimentacion y Nutricion (University of Granada, Spain)Diputacion de GranadaJA PREDOC_0011
Characterization and Influence of Static In Vitro Digestion on Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Polyphenols from an Olive Leaf Extract
This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades under the "Proyectos de I+D+i >" (grant number RTI2018-096724-B-C22); and by Junta de Andalucia, under the "Proyectos I+D+i del Programa Operativo FEDER 2018" (grant number B-AGR-466-UGR18), the "Ayudas a proyectos de I+D+I de entidades privadas calificadas como agentes del sistema andaluz del conocimiento" (grant number PY18-RE-0033), the "Ayudas al funcionamiento de los Grupos operativos de la Asociacion Europea para la Innovacion (AEI) en materia de productividad y sostenibilidad agricolas en el sector del olivar, 2020" (grant number GOPOGR-20-0001), and, finally, the "Ayudas a los agentes publicos del Sistema Andaluz del Conocimiento, para la realizacion de proyectos de I+D+i" (grant number A-AGR-226-AGR20).Olive leaves, one of the most abundant olive production by-products, have shown incredible
potential for their characteristic bioactive compound composition, with unique compounds such
as the polyphenol oleuropein. In order to evaluate the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds
present in an olive leaf extract, samples were submitted to an in vitro digestion process following
INFOGEST protocol, and qualitative and quantitative characterization of the original extract and
digestive samples at different times were carried out using HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. The analyzed extract
presented an abundance of phenolic compounds, such as secoiridoids, with oleuropein being the
main identified compound. The in vitro digestion process showed an effect on the phenolic profile of
the extract, with a lower recovery in the gastric phase and an increase at the beginning of the intestinal
phase. Most of the studied compounds showed high bioaccessibility at the end of the digestion,
with oleuropein, ligstroside, and quercetin-3-O-galactoside being among the ones with higher value.
These findings show the potential for future use of olive leaf polyphenols. However, further research
is needed in order to evaluate the absorption, delivery, and interaction of these compounds with
the colon.Spanish Government RTI2018-096724-B-C22Junta de Andalucia B-AGR-466-UGR18Ayudas a proyectos de I+D+I de entidades privadas calificadas como agentes del sistema andaluz del conocimiento PY18-RE-0033Ayudas al funcionamiento de los Grupos operativos de la Asociacion Europea para la Innovacion (AEI) en materia de productividad y sostenibilidad agricolas en el sector del olivar, 2020 GOPOGR-20-0001Ayudas a los agentes publicos del Sistema Andaluz del Conocimiento, para la realizacion de proyectos de I+D+i A-AGR-226-AGR2
Non-Digestible Carbohydrates: Green Extraction from Food By-Products and Assessment of Their Effect on Microbiota Modulation
The nature and composition of the waste produced by food industrial processing make
its abundance and accumulation an environmental problem. Since these by-products may present
a high potential for revalorization and may be used to obtain added-value compounds, the main
goals of the technological advancements have been targeted at reducing the environmental impact
and benefiting from the retrieval of active compounds with technological and health properties.
Among the added-value substances, nondigestible carbohydrates have demonstrated promise. In
addition to their well-known technological properties, they have been discovered to modify the
gut microbiota and enhance immune function, including the stimulation of immune cells and the
control of inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, the combination of these compounds with other
substances such us phenols could improve their biological effect on different noncommunicable
diseases through microbiota modulation. In order to gain insight into the implementation of this
combined strategy, a broader focus concerning different aspects is needed. This review is focused on
the optimized green and advanced extraction system applied to obtain added-value nondigestible
carbohydrates, the combined administration with phenols and their beneficial effects on microbiota
modulation intended for health and/or illness prevention, with particular emphasis on noncommunicable
diseases. The isolation of nondigestible carbohydrates from by-products as well as in
combination with other bioactive substances could provide an affordable and sustainable source of
immunomodulatory chemicals.Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationGrant TED2021-132489A-I00MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033European Union
NextGenerationEU/PRT
Extraction, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Phenolic CompoundsâA Case on Hibiscus Genera
Phenolic compounds have recently gained interest, as they have been related to improve ments in health and disease prevention, such as inflammatory intestinal pathologies and obesity.
However, their bioactivity may be limited by their instability or low concentration in food matri ces and along the gastrointestinal tract once consumed. This has led to the study of technological
processing with the aim of optimizing phenolic compoundsâ biological properties. In this sense,
different extraction systems have been applied to vegetable sources for the purpose of obtaining
enriched phenolic extracts such as PLE, MAE, SFE, and UAE. In addition, many in vitro and in vivo
studies evaluating the potential mechanisms of these compounds have also been published. This
review includes a case study of the Hibiscus genera as an interesting source of phenolic compounds.
The main goal of this work is to describe: (a) phenolic compound extraction by designs of exper iments (DoEs) applied to conventional and advanced systems; (b) the influence of the extraction
system on the phenolic composition and, consequently, on the bioactive properties of these extracts;
and (c) bioaccessibility and bioactivity evaluation of Hibiscus phenolic extracts. The results have
pointed out that the most used DoEs were based on response surface methodologies (RSM), mainly
the BoxâBehnken design (BBD) and central composite design (CCD). The chemical composition of
the optimized enriched extracts showed an abundance of flavonoids, as well as anthocyanins and
phenolic acids. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted their potent bioactivity, with particular
emphasis on obesity and related disorders. This scientific evidence establishes the Hibiscus genera as
an interesting source of phytochemicals with demonstrated bioactive potential for the development
of functional foods. Nevertheless, future investigations are needed to evaluate the recovery of the
phenolic compounds of the Hibiscus genera with remarkable bioaccessibility and bioactivity.Red Revalif (Scientific Latin America Program, FORCYT, OEI EU Grants for International Research NetworksJA PREDOC_00110.
X.E.-A. for the grant Red Revalif, FORCYT, OEI-EU Grants
Evaluation of Different Advanced Approaches to Simulation of Dynamic In Vitro Digestion of Polyphenols from Different Food MatricesâA Systematic Review
Phenolic compounds have become interesting bioactive antioxidant compounds with
implications for obesity, cancer and inflammatory gastrointestinal pathologies. As the influence
of digestion and gut microbiota on antioxidant behavior is yet to be completely elucidated, and
due to limitations associated to in vivo studies, dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models have been
promoted. A systematic review was conducted of different databases (PubMed, Web of Science
and Scopus) following PRISMA guidelines to assess different dynamic digestion models and assay
protocols used for phenolic compound research regarding bioaccesibility and interaction with colonic
microbiota. Of 284 records identified, those including dynamic multicompartmental digestion models
for the study of phenolic compound bioaccesibility, bioactivity and the effects of microbiota were
included, with 57 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Different conditions and experimental
configurations as well as administered doses, sample treatments and microbiological assays of
dynamic digestion studies on polyphenols were recorded and compared to establish their relevance
for the dynamic in vitro digestion of phenolic compounds. While similarities were observed in
certain experimental areas, a high variability was found in others, such as administered doses. A
description of considerations on the study of the digestion of phenolic compounds is proposed to
enhance comparability in research.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation EQC2019-006060-P and TED2021-132489A-I00Torres Quevedo Postdoctoral grant (PTQ2021-
012110)Regional Government of AndalucĂa (predoctoral grant PREDOC_00110)Chilean National Research Agency (Agencia Nacional de
InvestigaciĂłn ANID) 122103
Effectiveness of the Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) Method in People With Low Back Pain: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
The PREDICTS projectâProjecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)âhas collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity
Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries
Background
Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks.
Methods
The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned.
Results
A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31).
Conclusion
Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)