Uma abordagem de recomendação sensível ao contexto para apoio a autenticação implícita em ambientes móveis e pervasivos baseado em conhecimento comportamental do usuário

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento, Florianópolis, 2013Muitas empresas começam a adaptar-se às tecnologias e aos dispositivos móveis, incorporando no seu cotidiano, os benefícios proporcionados pela mobilidade e a possibilidade do Trabalho Móvel. Os serviços acessados pelos dispositivos móveis, geralmente, utilizam processos de autenticação baseado em credenciais (por exemplo, senha), que se mostram vulneráveis e inadequados. Logo, abordagens alternativas de autenticação devem considerar as características ambientais (consciência do contexto), restrições dos dispositivos, privacidade das informações armazenadas e informações provenientes dos muitos sensores que estão presentes no espaço pervasivo. Esta pesquisa propõe uma abordagem de recomendação baseado em comportamento do usuário para autenticação implícita no espaço pervasivo em que este se encontra. O comportamento dos usuários é modelado através de um conjunto de características de contexto e de atividades, que os usuários executam. Os usuários possuem atividades diárias, semanais e mensais que formam um conjunto de hábitos executados regularmente. O monitoramento destes hábitos permite indicar se um usuário legítimo está executando as suas atividades ou se outra pessoa está acessando sem autorização os serviços e informações do dispositivo móvel. Portanto, a combinação das características contextuais e as atividades (hábitos) auxiliam o processo de reconhecimento e certificação do usuário. Os processos de filtragem do sistema de recomendação, permitem a adição de novos filtros que calculam a similaridade dos comportamentos dos usuários. Os filtros são classificados em: i) filtros locais, que trabalham com algoritmos de baixa complexidade devido aos recursos computacionais limitados dos dispositivos móveis, e ii) filtros remotos, que trabalham com algoritmos mais complexos e podem executar ferramentas estatísticas nos servidores de autenticação. Os resultados experimentais indicam com sucesso: i) um mecanismo mais dinâmico (adaptável às atividades executadas pelo usuário) e autonômico para autenticação de usuários em um ambiente móvel e pervasivo, e ii) uma eficiência significativa na detecção de anomalias de autenticação através da utilização de modelos de similaridade e permutação espaço-temporal Abstratct: Many companies are beginning to adapt to technologies and mobiledevices, incorporating in their daily lives, the benefits provided by the mobilityand the possibility of Labour Mobile. The services accessed by mobiledevices typically use authentication processes based on credentials (e.g., password),that are vulnerable and inadequate. Therefore, alternative approachesto authentication should consider the environmental characteristics (contextawareness),constraints of devices, privacy of information stored and informationfrom many sensors that are present in pervasive space. This researchpropose a recommendation approach based on user behavior for implicitauthentication in pervasive space in which it is located. The user behavioris modeled by a set of characteristics of context and activities that users perform.Users have daily , weekly and monthly activities forming a set of habits,which are performed regularly. The monitoring of these habits is usedto indicate if a legitimate user is running their activities or if someone elseis accessing without authorization services and information of the mobile device.Therefore, the combination of contextual characteristics and activities(habits) assist the process of recognition and certification of the user. Theprocess of filtering recommendation system , allow the addition of new filtersthat compute the similarity of users? behaviors. Filters are classified into:i) local filters that work with low-complexity algorithms due to the limitedcomputing resources of mobile devices, and ii) filters remote working withmore complex algorithms and statistical tools can perform the authenticationservers. The experimental results indicate successfully: i) a mechanism moredynamic (adaptable to the activities performed by the user) and autonomicfor authentication users in a mobile and pervasive environment, and ii) anefficiency in the detection of anomalies authentication by using models ofsimilarity and spatio-temporal permutation

Uma abordagem sistêmica sobre os padrões de TV digital

Este artigo mostra uma visão sistêmica dos sistemas de TV digital no mundo, com o objetivo de aumentar o nível de compreensão dos processos envolvidos em qualquer grande projeto que pretenda explorar as oportunidades oferecidas no presente momento. Para melhor compreender este processo são contextualizados alguns fatores que influenciaram no surgimento desse meio de comunicação, assim como os diferentes sistemas televisivos existentes. Por fim, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas aplicadas foram selecionados os diferentes padrões de TV digital existentes no mundo e buscou-se ressaltar as diferenças tecnológicas existentes entre eles, isto é, do sistema e de seus subsistemas.

Internet of Things Based on Situation-Awareness for Energy Efficiency

The reduction of electric energy consumption is considered as one of the main challenges in diverse sectors of the economy. To residential customers, the management of energy consumption can bring significant costs reduction and decreased environmental impact. This work presents a solution based on the use of situation-awareness applied in IOT that helps the users to reduce the consumption of electric energy through its own residence. The practical results obtained in the application of this proposal in a real-live scenario confirmed the option of collecting information directly of electrical appliances and inform the user of their energy expenditures in real-time, allowing the knowledge and the management of their expenses

INSTRUMENTOS TEÓRICOS E PRÁTICOS DAS TÉCNICAS DE TREINAMENTO

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar as principais técnicas do treinamento nas organizações. Portanto, vamos apontar as principais técnicas de treinamentos feitas e exigidas pela empresa PHILCO EletrônicosS/A, com uma importância fundamental aos colaboradores. Sabemos que falar de treinamento é o mesmo que falardo processo preparatório para o desenvolvimento de novos hábitos, atitudes e conhecimento nos colaboradores de uma organização. Podemos perceber que a importância do treinamento nas organizações está ligada ao bem-estar do funcionário, ao seu preparo para um bom desempenho e para atender às exigências do mercado. As empresas bem-sucedidas investem muito no treinamento de seus colaboradores, pois terão profissionais mais preparados e que apresentarão resultados melhores. Buscamos informações no setor de RH por meio de questionários aplicados à srta. Eliomara Balbi Alves (Analista de RH) da empresa PHILCO Eletrônicos S/A, com o intuito de nos apresentar as técnicas estipuladas aos colaboradores na empresa. Com base nos resultados da entrevista, percebeu-se que o treinamento está favorável em grande parte das organizações, e no futuro o diferencial das pessoas proporcionará oportunidades profissionais

Aspectos relacionados com a positividade para a esquistossomose: estudo transversal em área de baixa prevalência do estado de Alagoas, 2020

Objective: To analyze aspects related to positivity for schistosomiasis in an area of ​​low prevalence in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in the first half of 2020, where proportion of positivity was analyzed according to the number of Kato-Katz slides, the diagnostic performance of the test and the creation of a positivity estimation factor from the data of the Information from the Schistosomiasis Surveillance and Control Program (SISPCE). Results: 2,088 slides from 348 individuals were analyzed, with proportion of positivity of 11.8%, 26.7% and 31.0% for 1, 4 and 6 slides analyzed, respectively. There was excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.91) between the reading of 4 and 6 slides. An underreporting of 2.1 times was estimated in the SISPCE data. Conclusion: Increasing the number of blades increased the positivity of Kato-Katz, which can contribute to maximize the control of the disease as a public health problem.Objetivo: Analisar aspectos relacionados com a positividade para esquistossomose em área de baixa prevalência, no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2020, quando foram analisadas a proporção de positividade, em função do número de lâminas de Kato-Katz, o desempenho diagnóstico do teste e a estimação da positividade a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE). Resultados: Foram analisadas 2.088 lâminas de 348 indivíduos, sendo a proporção de positividade de 11,8%, 26,7% e 31,0% para 1, 4 e 6 lâminas analisadas, respectivamente. Houve concordância excelente (índice Kappa = 0,91) na comparação entre as leituras de 4 e 6 lâminas. Foi estimada subnotificação de 2,1 vezes nos dados do SISPCE. Conclusão: Ampliar o número de lâminas aumentou a positividade do Kato-Katz, o que pode contribuir para maximizar o controle da doença enquanto problema de Saúde Pública

Os primórdios da organização do espaço territorial e da vila cearense: algumas notas

This paper presents, in outline, the action taken by economic agents, representatives of the Church and the Portuguese State in organizing the space of the Captaincy of Ceará in the eighteenth century. The Portuguese State founded towns in strategic locations for better capitalization of the cattle breeder economy, where first settled sesmeiros and the Church. There was no reason or justification of geopolitical nature that demanded technical and financial investments by the Portuguese in the full adequacy of the local conditions to Portuguese urban guidelines. In the face of the late occupation, the article also discusses the late cartographic representation as expressing the lack of interests of the Portuguese administration in relation to a fuller understanding of the region

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions