Physical and biological variables affecting seabird distributions during the upwelling season of the northern California Current

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2004. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B. V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 52 (2005): 123-143, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.08.016.As a part of the GLOBEC-Northeast Pacific project, we investigated variation in the abundance of marine birds in the context of biological and physical habitat conditions in the northern portion of the California Current System (CCS) during cruises during the upwelling season 2000. Continuous surveys of seabirds were conducted simultaneously in June (onset of upwelling) and August (mature phase of upwelling) with ocean properties quantified using a towed, undulating vehicle and a multi-frequency bioacoustic instrument (38-420 kHz). Twelve species of seabirds contributed 99% of the total community density and biomass. Species composition and densities were similar to those recorded elsewhere in the CCS during earlier studies of the upwelling season. At a scale of 2-4 km, physical and biological oceanographic variables explained an average of 25% of the variation in the distributions and abundance of the 12 species. The most important explanatory variables (among 14 initially included in each multiple regression model) were distance to upwelling-derived frontal features (center and edge of coastal jet, and an abrupt, inshore temperature gradient), sea-surface salinity, acoustic backscatter representing various sizes of prey (smaller seabird species were associated with smaller prey and the reverse for larger seabird species), and chlorophyll concentration. We discuss the importance of these variables in the context of what factors may be that seabirds use to find food. The high seabird density in the Heceta Bank and Cape Blanco areas indicate them to be refuges contrasting the low seabird densities currently found in most other parts of the CCS, following decline during the recent warm regime of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.Support from National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0001035, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution-CICOR Grant NA17RJ1223 is gratefully acknowledged

Supplementary document for Microconnectomics reveals human retinal mitochondria that align with reflective bands in optical coherence tomography - 6585805.pdf

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Supplementary document for Microconnectomics reveals human retinal mitochondria that align with reflective bands in optical coherence tomography - 6582431.pdf

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Reliability and Validity of the Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory in Diverse Samples

The Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (MEPSI) is a relatively simple survey measure designed to assess the strength of psychosocial attributes that arise from progression through Erikson's eight stages of development. The purpose of this study was to employ secondary analysis to evaluate the internal-consistency reliability and construct validity of the MEPSl acrossfour diverse samples: healthy young adults, hemophilic men, healthy older adults, and older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Special attention was given to the performance of the measure across gender, with exploratory analyses examining possible age cohort and health status effects. Internal-consistency estimates for the aggregate measure were high, whereas subscale reliability levels varied across age groups. Construct validity was supported across samples. Gender, cohort, and health effects offered interesting psychometric and theoretical insights and direction for further research. Findings indicated that the MEPSI might be a useful instrumentfor operationalizing and testing Eriksonian developmental theory in adults.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68351/2/10.1177_019394599501700205.pd

Pharmacodynamics and Bactericidal Activity of Moxifloxacin in Experimental Escherichia coli Meningitis

Moxifloxacin, an 8-methoxyquinolone with broad-spectrum activity in vitro, was studied in the rabbit model of Escherichia coli meningitis. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the bactericidal effectiveness and the pharmacodynamic profile of moxifloxacin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to compare the bactericidal activity with that of ceftriaxone and meropenem therapy. After induction of meningitis, animals were given single doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg or divided-dose regimens of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg twice, separated by 6 h. After single doses, the penetration of moxifloxacin into purulent CSF, measured as percentage of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in CSF relative to the AUC in plasma, was approximately 50%. After single doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, the maximum CSF concentration (C(max)) values were 1.8, 4.2, and 4.9 μg/ml, respectively; the AUC values (total drug) were 13.4, 25.4, and 27.1 μg/ml · h, respectively, and the half-life values (t(½)) were 6.7, 6.6, and 4.7 h, respectively. The bacterial killing in CSF for moxifloxacin, calculated as the Δlog(10) CFU per milliliter per hour, at 3, 6, and 12 h after single doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were −5.70, −6.62, and −7.02; −7.37, −7.37, and −6.87; and −6.62, −6.62, and −6.62, respectively, whereas those of ceftriaxone and meropenem were −4.18, −5.24, and −4.43, and −3.64, −3.59, and −4.12, respectively. The CSF pharmacodynamic indices of AUC/MBC and C(max)/MBC were interrelated (r = 0.81); there was less correlation with T > MBC (r = 0.74). In this model, therapy with moxifloxacin appears to be at least as effective as ceftriaxone and more effective than meropenem therapy in eradicating E. coli from CSF