Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Metal-Mechanics Industry: A Technical-Economic Evaluation

Metal-mechanical industries are intensive in the consumption of water and, consequently, in the wastewaters production. Thus, reuse is essential because it preserves the environmental resources, diminishing the water footprint of the obtained products. Despite the advanced techniques, the economic cost limits the wastewater treatment to the most common techniques. This study evaluated the technical potential and costs involved in the reuse of wastewater in a metal-mechanical industry. Mistakes were found in the reagents dosage, what precluded reuse of the treated wastewater. The optimum condition for coagulation/flocculation was evaluated using the bench scale jar test. The parameters of wastewater, such as turbidity, pH, alkalinity, hardness, electrical conductivity, chloride and total solids were evaluated. The ideal condition was tested at the plant and some adjustments were made. The improvements resulted in 50.96% cost reduction of wastewater treatment without new investments. Also, the treatment became faster and more efficient. The wastewater achieved the standards for reuse in toilet flushing and floor washing.As indústrias metalúrgicas são intensivas no consumo de água e, conseqüentemente, na produção de águas residuárias. Assim, a reutilização é essencial porque preserva os recursos ambientais, diminuindo a pegada de água dos produtos obtidos. Apesar das técnicas avançadas, o custo econômico limita o tratamento de águas residuais às técnicas mais comuns. Este estudo avaliou o potencial técnico e os custos envolvidos na reutilização de águas residuais em uma indústria metal-mecânica. Foram encontrados erros na dosagem de reagentes. A condição óptima para coagulação/floculação foi avaliada por Jar test. Foram avaliados os parâmetros, tais como: turbidez, pH, alcalinidade, dureza, condutividade elétrica, cloreto e sólidos totais. A condição ideal foi testada na planta e alguns ajustes foram feitos. As melhorias resultaram em 50,96% de redução de custos do tratamento de águas residuais sem novos investimentos. Além disso, o tratamento tornou-se mais rápido e eficiente. As águas residuais atingiram os padrões de reutilização em lavagem de banheiros e lavagem do piso

Synergic framework between Lean philosophy and Triple Bottom Line in the entrepreneurial environment

As a result of globalization, more and more companies are seeking to achieve sustainable development. Lean thinking is an engaging management model that leads to reduced operating costs and competitive advantage in the market, being more demanding and environmentally conscious than other models. This work aims to promote the synergy between sustainability and lean thinking in the entrepreneurial context. For this, a literature review was carried out using a qualitative analysis method, carried out through the analysis of content synthesis in selected studies. The result was an innovative framework, focused on the entrepreneurial environment and with synergy between the lean philosophy and the triple bottom line. This research contributes to academic knowledge by highlighting critical and important issues for future research, being equally relevant to the market, as a guide for future entrepreneurs

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

IMPLEMENTATION OF A SAFETY PROGRAM FOR THE WORK ACCIDENTS’ CONTROL. A CASE STUDY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

This article presents a case study related to the implementation of a Work Safety Program in a chemical industry, based on the Process Safety Program, PSP, of a huge energy company. The research was applied, exploratory, qualitative and with and data collection method through documentary and bibliographical research. There will be presented the main practices adopted in order to make the Safety Program a reality inside a chemical industry, its results and contributions for its better development. This paper proposes the implementation of a Safety Program must be preceded by a diagnosis of occupational safety and health management system and with constant critical analysis in order to make the necessary adjustments

West Nile Virus in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil

In June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total of 513 biological samples from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals and 278 free-ranging wild birds, as well as 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 species were tested for WNV by highly specific serological and/or molecular tests. No active circulation of WNV was detected in vertebrates or mosquitoes by molecular methods. Previous exposure to WNV was confirmed by seroconversion in domestic birds and by the detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in 44% (11/25) of equids, 20.9% (14/67) of domestic birds, 4.7% (13/278) of free-ranging wild birds, 2.6% (2/78) of humans, and 1.5% (1/65) of small ruminants. Results indicate that not only equines but also humans and different species of domestic animals and wild birds were locally exposed to WNV. The detection of neutralizing antibodies for WNV in free-ranging individuals of abundant passerine species suggests that birds commonly found in the region may have been involved as amplifying hosts in local transmission cycles of WNV

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq