Los Tribunales de Menores en la Argentina : Antecedentes internacionales e iniciativas nacionales (1933-1943)

Este capítulo estudia la creación de los Tribunales de Menores, a partir del análisis de los antecedentes internacionales y las iniciativas locales que intentaban avanzar sobre las limitaciones de la Ley de Patronato. Asimismo, refiere a los primeros años de actuación del Tribunal de Menores del Departamento Judicial de la Capital, en términos de los procedimientos judiciales previstos, la experticia exigida a los agentes judiciales y el énfasis puesto en el basamento moral de las actividades delictivas. En este sentido, el análisis gira en torno a la definición de políticas públicas referidas a un sector de la población infantil y juvenil, a la formación de campos especializados de intervención en materia de niños y jóvenes y a la creación de particulares instituciones del ámbito judicial. Las fuentes primarias que sustentan el análisis incluyen escritos de los expertos del ámbito judicial del período en cuestión, publicados en libros, tesis doctorales, comunicaciones a congresos y revistas especializadas; se trata de textos que permiten conocer ideas referidas a los jóvenes de los sectores populares urbanos y aquéllos involucrados en delitos. En línea con la historia intelectual, más allá de reconstruir tradiciones intelectuales o sistemas de pensamiento, el objetivo de estudiar estas fuentes se vincula con la propuesta de encontrar zonas de contacto entre las ideas sobre delincuencia y sociabilidad juveniles y concretas prácticas que construyeron el pasado de una sociedad. En suma, buscar la intersección entre una historia intelectual y una historia social de la cultura, en tanto indagación interesada por la cultura que produce una idea y por aquella que las consume o traduce.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Los Tribunales de Menores en la Argentina : Antecedentes internacionales e iniciativas nacionales (1933-1943)

Este capítulo estudia la creación de los Tribunales de Menores, a partir del análisis de los antecedentes internacionales y las iniciativas locales que intentaban avanzar sobre las limitaciones de la Ley de Patronato. Asimismo, refiere a los primeros años de actuación del Tribunal de Menores del Departamento Judicial de la Capital, en términos de los procedimientos judiciales previstos, la experticia exigida a los agentes judiciales y el énfasis puesto en el basamento moral de las actividades delictivas. En este sentido, el análisis gira en torno a la definición de políticas públicas referidas a un sector de la población infantil y juvenil, a la formación de campos especializados de intervención en materia de niños y jóvenes y a la creación de particulares instituciones del ámbito judicial. Las fuentes primarias que sustentan el análisis incluyen escritos de los expertos del ámbito judicial del período en cuestión, publicados en libros, tesis doctorales, comunicaciones a congresos y revistas especializadas; se trata de textos que permiten conocer ideas referidas a los jóvenes de los sectores populares urbanos y aquéllos involucrados en delitos. En línea con la historia intelectual, más allá de reconstruir tradiciones intelectuales o sistemas de pensamiento, el objetivo de estudiar estas fuentes se vincula con la propuesta de encontrar zonas de contacto entre las ideas sobre delincuencia y sociabilidad juveniles y concretas prácticas que construyeron el pasado de una sociedad. En suma, buscar la intersección entre una historia intelectual y una historia social de la cultura, en tanto indagación interesada por la cultura que produce una idea y por aquella que las consume o traduce.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Emission of volatile halogenated compounds, speciation and localization of bromine and iodine in the brown algal genome model Ectocarpus siliculosus

This study explores key features of bromine and iodine metabolism in the filamentous brown alga and genomics model Ectocarpus siliculosus. Both elements are accumulated in Ectocarpus, albeit at much lower concentration factors (2-3 orders of magnitude for iodine, and < 1 order of magnitude for bromine) than e.g. in the kelp Laminaria digitata. Iodide competitively reduces the accumulation of bromide. Both iodide and bromide are accumulated in the cell wall (apoplast) of Ectocarpus, with minor amounts of bromine also detectable in the cytosol. Ectocarpus emits a range of volatile halogenated compounds, the most prominent of which by far is methyl iodide. Interestingly, biosynthesis of this compound cannot be accounted for by vanadium haloperoxidase since the latter have not been found to catalyze direct halogenation of an unactivated methyl group or hydrocarbon so a methyl halide transferase-type production mechanism is proposed

Reproductive biology of the pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus): a review

The pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is a South American grazing deer which is in extreme danger of extinction. Very little is known about the biology of the pampas deer. Moreover, most information has not been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and is only available in local publications, theses, etc. Therefore, our aim was to update and summarize the available information regarding the reproductive biology of the pampas deer. Moreover, in most sections, we have also included new, unpublished information. Detailed descriptions are provided of the anatomy of both the female and the male reproductive tract, puberty onset, the oestrous cycle and gestational length. Birthing and the early postpartum period are described, as are maternal behaviour and early fawn development, seasonal distribution of births, seasonal changes in male reproduction and antler cycle, reproductive behaviour, semen collection, and cryopreservation. Finally, an overview is given and future directions of research are proposed

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Residential mobility of middle-class and popular sectors: the city of Buenos Aires as an arrival destination

El artículo reflexiona acerca de los patrones de movilidad residencial de individuos y hogares de sectores populares y medios que residen en dos zonas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires configuradas en torno a patrones disimiles de segregación. La movilidad residencial es un lente privilegiado para evidenciar de qué modo la experiencia de la clase es producida y reproducida en los modos de habitar. Mediante un abordaje cualitativo y biográfico hemos analizado las especificidades que presentan las movilidades residenciales de los diferentes sectores sociales. Se identifican patrones en tres dimensiones de la movilidad residencial: su espacialidad, los arreglos residenciales que los hogares despliegan y las motivaciones que guían sus desplazamientos. Los hallazgos presentados dan cuenta de los efectos que produce la posición en la estructura social sobre la movilidad residencial, así como su interacción con la propia estructuración del espacio.The article reconstructs residential mobility patterns of individuals and households from popular and middle-class sectors residing in two areas of the city of Buenos Aires, configured around dissimilar segregation patterns. Residential mobility is a powerful lens to show how the social class experience is produced and reproduced in modes of dwelling. Through a qualitative and biographical approach, we analyzed the specificities presented by residential mobilities of different social sectors. We identified patterns in the three dimensions of residential mobility: spatiality, the residential arrangements that households employ, and the motivations that guide their movements. The findings show the effects that the position in the social structure has on residential mobility, as well as its interaction with the spatial structure itself.publishedVersionFil: Cosacov, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Cosacov, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina.Fil: Di Virgilio, María Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigación Gino Germani; Argentina.Fil: Najman, Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Di Virgilio, María Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Najman, Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigación Gino Germani; Argentina

Deconstructing Latinx racial paradigms : cross-cultural constructions of race and their impact on Dominican-American racial identity

Conversations in the United States around Latinx populations often discuss Latinx racial identity as a singular entity. Though Latinx is a gender-neutral term for Latino and Hispanic populations, the terms “Hispanic” and “Latino” have slowly become umbrella terms for the racial and ethnic identities of people from over 20 different countries and cultural backgrounds. The amalgamation of these varying cultures and communities into a singular racial categorization results in a reductive framework: one that limits individualization within Latinx-American racial identity. These limitations were looked at via qualitative research with specific reference to Dominican populations: a community whose racial categories reference Spanish, African, and Indigenous roots, and are contextualized by a history of anti-blackness and Spanish/white supremacy. Twelve participants took part in semi-structured, guided interviews regarding their experiences living in both the Dominican Republic and the United States, and discussed how racial constructs in both countries impacted their racial self-identification. Findings in this study showed that each participant’s racial self-identification was incongruent with the ways participants were racially identified in the United States. Furthermore, eleven of twelve participants expressed feeling their racial identity shifted upon immigration, and eight participants expressed feeling forced into American constructions of race. Lastly, participants reported feelings of anxiety, fear, isolation, and depression as a result of stereotyping, bullying, harassment, and race-based discrimination as Latinx immigrants to the United States