Pathogens of public health concern shared by domestic and wild animals in a pluriactive farm / Patógenos importantes em saúde pública compartilhados por animais domésticos e silvestres em propriedade pluriativa pluriactive farm

The objectives of this study were to identify the occurrence of pathogens of public health concern in wild and domestic animals within a pluriactive farm, to detect the presence of genes coding enterotoxins in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and to identify the occurrence of the same strain in different animals. Fecal samples of up to five specimens of each domestic and wild species were collected. Isolates were obtained, were realized the species identification/confirmation, detection of enterotoxigenic genes, the comparison of molecular profiles and were identified the Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Total percentage of samples from which some isolate was obtained was 7.9% (19/241). S aureus was present in 7.5% (12/160) of domestic animals and in 6.2% (5/81) of wild animals. MRSA was isolated from 3.7% (6/160) of domestic and from 4.9% (4/81) of wild animals. Yesrinia enterocolitica was isolated from 1.2% (1/81) of wild animals and Samonella from 0.6% (1/160) of domestic animals. 35.3% (6/17) of S. aureus isolates had one of the enterotoxigenic genes. Indistinguishable and closely related isolates were found in domestic and wild animals, which confirms that there is a circulation of strains between animals or at least indicates the presence a common source of infection between them.

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Detecção de genes de resistência a antimicrobianos em isolados de Listeria monocytogenes de origem alimentar

Apesar da comum suscetibilidade dos isolados de Listeria monocytogenes a antimicrobianos, diferentes estudos têm relatado perfis de resistência e multirresistência a diversos antimicrobianos, principalmente em isolados de origem alimentar. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar o perfil de resistência fenotípica de 82 isolados de L. monocytogenes, provenientes de alimentos e ambientes de processamento de alimentos frente a 16 antimicrobianos e detectar genes de resistência através da técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR)

Sobrevivência de Salmonella enterica às condições gástricas simuladas in vitro: papel dos fatores de adesão e resistência antibacteriana

The study aims to assess the adhesion and biofilm formation capacity of Salmonella spp. isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and the resistance of ESBL-producing and non-producing isolates to in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Eighteen Salmonella spp. isolates were obtained from frozen chicken cuts produced in the State of Paraná, Brazil. ESBL-producing isolates were evaluated phenotypically and genotypically for their adhesion and biofilm formation capacity on polypropylene coupons. Furthermore, all isolates underwent in vitro assessment of resistance to gastric and intestinal conditions, and cell counts were conducted after the simulations. Regarding adhesion and biofilm formation, 13 isolates demonstrated this capability. Concerning tolerance to gastric and intestinal conditions, the quantification of Salmonella spp. decreased (p<0.05) as they passed through the gastrointestinal tract. When comparing ESBL-producing and non-producing isolates, there was no difference (p>0.05) in the overall survival rate. The results demonstrate that, despite the decrease in microorganism counts during simulated passage through gastric and intestinal juices, the mean overall survival rate of Salmonella spp. isolates was high. This suggests that the isolates have the capacity to survive simulated gastrointestinal conditions and remain at levels capable of causing infection.O estudo tem como objetivo verificar a capacidade de adesão e formação de biofilme de isolados de Salmonella spp. produtores de enzimas beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL), bem como a resistência de isolados produtores ou não de ESBL, frente às condições gástricas e intestinais simuladas in vitro. Foram utilizados 18 isolados de Salmonella spp. obtidos de cortes de frangos congelados produzidos no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os isolados produtores de ESBL foram avaliados de forma fenotípica e genotípica quanto a capacidade de adesão e formação de biofilme em lâminas de polipropileno. Além disso, todos os isolados foram submetidos a avaliação in vitro de resistência às condições gástricas e intestinais e após as simulações, realizadas contagens das células sobreviventes. Com relação à adesão e formação de biofilme, 13 isolados apresentaram essa capacidade. Quanto a tolerância às condições gástricas e intestinais, a quantificação de Salmonella spp. diminuiu (p<0,05) conforme a passagem do trato gastrointestinal. Em relação a comparação de isolados produtores e não produtores de ESBL, não houve diferença (p>0,05) na taxa de sobrevivência total. Os resultados demonstram que, apesar da diminuição da contagem de microrganismos conforme a passagem simulada pelos sucos gástricos e intestinais, a taxa de sobrevivência média total dos isolados de Salmonella spp. foi alta, o que permite inferir que os isolados possuem a capacidade de sobreviver às condições gastrointestinais simuladas, e ainda sim permaneceram em número capaz de causar infecção

Bartonella spp. and Typhus Group Rickettsiae among Persons Experiencing Homelessness, São Paulo, Brazil

Persons experiencing homelessness in São Paulo, Brazil, were seropositive for Bartonella spp. (79/109, 72.5%) and typhus group rickettsiae (40/109, 36.7%). Bartonella quintana DNA was detected in 17.1% (14/82) body louse pools and 0.9% (1/114) blood samples. Clinicians should consider vectorborne agents as potential causes of febrile syndromes in this population

Review of searches for vector-like quarks, vector-like leptons, and heavy neutral leptons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV at the CMS experiment

International audienceThe LHC has provided an unprecedented amount of proton-proton collision data, bringing forth exciting opportunities to address fundamental open questions in particle physics. These questions can potentially be answered by performing searches for very rare processes predicted by models that attempt to extend the standard model of particle physics. The data collected by the CMS experiment in 2015-2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV help to test the standard model at the highest precision ever and potentially discover new physics. An interesting opportunity is presented by the possibility of new fermions with masses ranging from the MeV to the TeV scale. Such new particles appear in many possible extensions of the standard model and are well motivated theoretically. They may explain the appearance of three generations of leptons and quarks, the mass hierarchy across the generations, and the nonzero neutrino masses. In this report, the status of searches targeting vector-like quarks, vector-like leptons, and heavy neutral leptons at the CMS experiment is discussed. A complete overview of final states is provided together with their complementarity and partial combination. The discovery potential for several of these searches at the High-Luminosity LHC is also discussed

Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections of single top quark production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13.6 TeV

International audienceThe first measurement of the inclusive and normalised differential cross sections of single top quark production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV is presented. The data were recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb$^{-1}$. The analysed events contain one muon and one electron in the final state. For the inclusive measurement, multivariate discriminants exploiting the kinematic properties of the events are used to separate the signal from the dominant top quark-antiquark production background. A cross section of 82.3 $\pm$ 2.1 (stat) ${}^{+9.9}_{-9.7}$ (syst) $\pm$ 3.3 (lumi) pb is obtained, consistent with the predictions of the standard model. A fiducial region is defined according to the detector acceptance to perform the differential measurements. The resulting differential distributions are unfolded to particle level and show good agreement with the predictions at next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics

Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for W+^{+}W−^{-} production in proton-proton collisions at s= \sqrt{s} = 13.6 TeV

Measurements at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb$^{-1}$. Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavour and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. An inclusive W$^{+}$W$^{-}$ production cross section of 125.7 $\pm$ 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For first time in proton-proton collisions, WW events with at least two reconstructed jets are studied and compared with recent theoretical predictions.Measurements at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb$^{-1}$. Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavour and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. An inclusive W$^+$W$^-$ production cross section of 125.7 $\pm$ 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For first time in proton-proton collisions, WW events with at least two reconstructed jets are studied and compared with recent theoretical predictions