70 research outputs found
INNOVATIVE SYSTEM OF SIMULTANEOUS TRANSPORTATION AND TREATMENT OF SANITARY WASTEWATER IN SCATTERED DWELLING AREAS
The work presented the possibility of implementing an innovative system of simultaneous transportation and treatment of sanitary wastewater in scattered dwelling areas. Small-bore sewerage with a balanced flow enables simple and inexpensive simultaneous disposal and pre-treatment of fluid with from vast, undeveloped areas
Powder Eutectic Materials of Fe-Mn-C-B System for Coatings of Increased Abrasive Wear
In this chapter, selected problems of manufacturing coatings with high wear resistance obtained based on eutectic materials of the quaternary Fe-Mn-C-B system are discussed. With regard to the structural state and physico-mechanical properties of eutectic powder alloys and coatings correspond to the composite dispersion-strengthened materials. The formation of a hardened layer with the structure of eutectic on the metal surface is the creation of a new material with certain mechanical properties. The analysis of different material properties and of alloy addition enabled to work out new eutectic powder alloys based on iron of the Fe-Mn-C-B system. In particular, it enabled to determine eutectic ranges and element contents
Analysis of cracking of low-alloy copper stretched at elevated temperature
This paper presents both mechanical and structural aspects of micro-cracking of CuNi2Si copper alloy in CNCS grade revealed during the static tensile test in the temperature range between 20ºC and 800ºC. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of plastic deformation temperature and structural condition of the tested alloy on the type and mechanism of its cracking under specified deformation conditions. Therefore, the subject of the detailed metallographic analysis in a microscopic scale is the location of initiation and propagation of cracking, morphology of precipitations and their impact on the cracking process, nature and type of the fractures formed during material decohesion as well as microstructural analysis of the alloy by electron diffraction method. The obtained results allow the determination of the impact of analysed factors on cracking mechanism in the tested alloy as well as the specification of effective methods for limitation of the effects of cracking and thus the improvement in plasticity of alloy and workability of its product
Honorary blood donations in urban and rural areas in Poland
The main purpose of the study was to compare blood donation awareness among students residing in urban and rural areas.
Subject and methods
The research tool was an anonymous, original questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study. The questionnaire was distributed among 439 people. In the first stage, authors selected randomly two fields of study at Medical University of Warsaw. Next, three years of study were randomly selected in these two chosen fields.
Results
Nearly 40% of the students admitted that they have donated blood or other compounds. There is statistically significant relation (p=0.0000, Fi=0.25) between blood donation and place of residence of respondents. Students living in cities more seldom showed they have donated blood or other compound. The most common reason that impels students to donate blood is the desire to help another human being.
Conclusions
The level of students' knowledge about blood donations issue is not good enough. It is recommended to introduce intensive information campaigns about the need of blood donation, for example in the form of social campaigns
Awareness of Genitourinary Cancers Risk Factors—A 2024 Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Poland
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland and to identify factors associated with public awareness of risk factors for genitourinary cancers.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was carried out between 1 and 4 March 2024 in a nationwide sample of 2,165 adults in Poland. Quota sampling was used. Data were collected using computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method.ResultsRegardless of the type of cancer (kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer), a family history of cancer was the most recognized risk factor indicated by over half of respondents. Over one-third were aware that chemical exposure increases the risk for bladder cancer (39.4%) or prostate cancer (34.2%). Smoking was recognized as a risk factor for kidney cancer by 40.6% of respondents. Female gender, having higher education, being occupationally active and the presence of chronic diseases were the most important factors (p < 0.05) associated with a higher level of awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors.ConclusionThis study revealed gaps in public awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland, especially lifestyle-related and workplace-related risk factors
Wiedza kursantów ośrodków szkolenia kierowców odnośnie użycia automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego (AED) w trakcie akcji ratunkowej = Students knowledge of driver training center on the use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) during rescue
Staniszewska Anna, Korczak Anna, Juszczyk Grzegorz, Duda-Zalewska Aneta, Olejniczak Dominik, Dąbrowska-Bender Marta, Bujalska-Zadrożny Magdalena. Wiedza kursantów ośrodków szkolenia kierowców odnośnie użycia automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego (AED) w trakcie akcji ratunkowej = Students knowledge of driver training center on the use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) during rescue. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(5):67-75. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17443http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%285%29%3A67-75https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/559145http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17443Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.04.2015. Accepted: 08.05.2015. Wiedza kursantów ośrodków szkolenia kierowców odnośnie użycia automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego (AED) w trakcie akcji ratunkowejStudents knowledge of driver training center on the use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) during rescue Anna Staniszewska1*, Anna Korczak2, Grzegorz Juszczyk3, Aneta Duda-Zalewska3, Dominik Olejniczak3, Marta Dąbrowska-Bender3, Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny4 1 Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej WUM2 SPZOZ Warszawa Wawer3 Zakład Zdrowia Publicznego WUM4 Zakład Farmakodynamiki WUM *autor do korespondencji: dr n. med. Anna StaniszewskaKatedra i Zakład Farmakologii Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej WUMBanacha 1b, 02-097 Warszawa, tel: (22) 116-61-60, e-mail: [email protected] StreszczenieWstęp: Resuscytacja krążeniowo-oddechowa połączona z wczesną defibrylacją w ciągu 3-5 minut od utraty przytomności może dać efektywną reanimację w 49-75% przypadków, zaś każda minuta opóźnienia defibrylacji zmniejsza prawdopodobieństwo przeżycia poszkodowanego o 10-12%.Cel pracy: Praca miała na celu określenie stanu wiedzy przyszłych kierowców, jaką posiadają na temat automatycznych defibrylatorów zewnętrznych oraz ich użycia w trakcie akcji ratunkowej.Materiał i metoda: Badaniem objęto 200 osób, które wypełniły autorską ankietę na temat automatycznych defibrylatorów zewnętrznych. Badanie przeprowadzono na przełomie 2013 i 2014 roku. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, opartą na technice ankietowej z użyciem kwestionariusza ankiety stworzonej na potrzeby pracy. Do analizy j wyników posłużono się metodą statystyki opisowej.Wyniki i Wnioski: Na podstawie analizy odpowiedzi badanych na pytania ankiety stwierdzono, że wiedza kursantów na temat automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego jest niedostateczna, zarówno pod względem znajomości działania AED, jak i jego lokalizacji. Wyniki przeprowadzonego badania wskazują na konieczność przygotowania i wdrożenia programu edukacyjnego na temat automatycznego defibrylatora zewnętrznego. AbstractIntroduction: Resuscitation cardiopulmonary combined with early defibrillation within 3-5 minutes of unconsciousness can give effective resuscitation cardio-respiratory in 49-75% of cases and each minute of delay defibrillation reduces the probability of survival of the victim by 10-12%.Aim of the study. Evaluation of knowledge about Automated External Defibrillator among the driver training centers students.Material and methods. A group of 200 person was enrolled in order to evaluate the knowledge about Automated External Defibrillator by the special designed questionnaire.in late 2013 and 2014.The study used the method of diagnostic survey, questionnaire based on the technique of using a questionnaire survey of his own design. For the comparative analysis results are used by descriptive statistics.Results and conclusions. Results and conclusions. The knowledge about AED, among driver training centers students is inadequate. The results pointed at necessity of preparation and putting AED education program. Słowa kluczowe: wiedza, kursanci ośrodków szkolenia kierowców, automatyczny defibrylator zewnętrzny.Key words: knowledge, driver training centers students, Automated External Defibrillator
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study
Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.
BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier
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