O clickbait no ciberjornalismo português e brasileiro: o caso brasileiro

O trabalho tem como proposta analisar a incidência de "clickbait" no jornalismo online português e brasileiro. Faz parte de uma atividade realizada em conjunto por pesquisadores brasileiros e portugueses, em que cada grupo efetuou a verificação em 18 veículos de informação geral do seu país com abrangência nacional, com produção própria e atualizada frequentemente, tanto nas páginas Web, assim como no Facebook. Este artigo traz os resultados encontrados na amostra brasileira que apontam um alto índice de "clickbait" ao se verificar os dados gerais, com 54,4% da amostra com ocorrência desta prática. Ao mesmo tempo, os valores se reduzem ao olharmos os 32 indicadores individualmente, em que apenas três tiveram índices superiores a 10%.The paper aims to analyze the incidence of clickbait in Portuguese and Brazilian online journalism. It is part of an activity carried out jointly by Brazilian and Portuguese researchers, in which each group carried out the verification in the Web and Facebook pages of 18 general information vehicles of such countries, each having national coverage, as well as its own production and frequent updates. This article presents the results found in the Brazilian sample that shows a high clickbait index, of 54.4%, when crosschecking the general data. On the other hand, the values are reduced when we look at the 32 indicators individually, in which only three had rates above 10%

O clickbait no ciberjornalismo português e brasileiro: o caso português

A investigação que aqui se apresenta partiu da proposta de analisar a incidência de clickbait no ciberjornalismo português e brasileiro. Faz parte de um projeto desenvolvido em conjunto por investigadores brasileiros e portugueses, em que cada grupo efetuou a verificação em 18 cibermeios de informação geral do seu país com abrangência nacional e com produção própria e atualizada frequentemente, tanto nas páginas Web como no Facebook. Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados encontrados nos 270 títulos/conteúdos que constituíram a amostra portuguesa, que apontam para um índice de clickbait de 39,6%. Analisando individualmente os 32 indicadores, verificamos que nenhum chega aos 10%, destacando-se como valor mais alto a "Informação empolada", presente em 8,5% da amostra.The paper aims to analyze the incidence of clickbait in Portuguese and Brazilian online journalism. It is part of an activity carried out jointly by Brazilian and Portuguese researchers, in which each group carried out the verification in the Web and Facebook pages of 18 general information vehicles of such countries, each having national coverage, as well as its own production and frequent updates. This article presents the results found in the Portuguese sample that shows a high clickbait index, of 39,6%, when cross-checking the general data. On the other hand, the values are reduced when we look at the 32 indicators individually, all of them with rates below 10%

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field