Persistent tachypnea of infancy: Follow up at school age.

AbstractBackgroundPersistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI) is a rare pediatric lung disease of unknown origin. The diagnosis can be made by clinical presentation and chest high resolution computed tomography after exclusion of other causes. Clinical courses beyond infancy have rarely been assessed.MethodsPatients included in the Kids Lung Register diagnosed with PTI as infants and now older than 5 years were identified. Initial presentation, extrapulmonary comorbidities, spirometry and clinical outcome were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐five children older than 5 years with PTI diagnosed as infants were analyzed. At the age of 5 years, 74% of the patients were reported as asymptomatic and did not develope new symptoms during the observational period at school‐age (mean, 3.9 years; range, 0.3‐6.3). At the age of about 10 years, none of the symptomatic children had abnormal oxygen saturation during sleep or exercise anymore. Lung function tests and breathing frequency were within normal values throughout the entire observational period.ConclusionsPTI is a pulmonary disease that can lead to respiratory insufficiency in infancy. As at school age most of the previously chronically affected children became asymptomatic and did not develop new symptoms. We conclude that the overall clinical course is favorable

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Alquimia, Ocultismo, Maçonaria: o ouro e o simbolismo hermético dos cadinhos (Séculos XVIII e XIX)

Este artigo apresenta a arqueologia das enigmáticas marcas impressas na base de cadinhos dos séculos XVIII e XIX recuperados nas escavações da Casa da Moeda do Rio de Janeiro, na década de 1980, e a explanação do seu significado simbólico à luz da alquimia, do ocultismo e da Maçonaria. Espraiando-se extraordinariamente mundo afora através de uma bem-sucedida estratégia de comunicação visual, a Maçonaria utilizou símbolos herméticos para a difusão de seus princípios nos mais diferentes suportes. Aparentemente estamos diante de um sinal de reconhecimento maçônico, o sinal exterior de uma organização oculta, só partilhado por iniciados e incompreensível para os demais, que contribuiu para difundir veladamente a doutrina maçônica por diferentes pontos do globo

Demographic, clinical, and service-use characteristics related to the clinician’s recommendation to transition from child to adult mental health services

Purpose: The service configuration with distinct child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) may be a barrier to continuity of care. Because of a lack of transition policy, CAMHS clinicians have to decide whether and when a young person should transition to AMHS. This study describes which characteristics are associated with the clinicians’ advice to continue treatment at AMHS. Methods: Demographic, family, clinical, treatment, and service-use characteristics of the MILESTONE cohort of 763 young people from 39 CAMHS in Europe were assessed using multi-informant and standardized assessment tools. Logistic mixed models were fitted to assess the relationship between these characteristics and clinicians’ transition recommendations. Results: Young people with higher clinician-rated severity of psychopathology scores, with self- and parent-reported need for ongoing treatment, with lower everyday functional skills and without self-reported psychotic experiences were more likely to be recommended to continue treatment. Among those who had been recommended to continue treatment, young people who used psychotropic medication, who had been in CAMHS for more than a year, and for whom appropriate AMHS were available were more likely to be recommended to continue treatment at AMHS. Young people whose parents indicated a need for ongoing treatment were more likely to be recommended to stay in CAMHS. Conclusion: Although the decision regarding continuity of treatment was mostly determined by a small set of clinical characteristics, the recommendation to continue treatment at AMHS was mostly affected by service-use related characteristics, such as the availability of appropriate services

Cohort profile : demographic and clinical characteristics of the MILESTONE longitudinal cohort of young people approaching the upper age limit of their child mental health care service in Europe

Purpose: The presence of distinct child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) impacts continuity of mental health treatment for young people. However, we do not know the extent of discontinuity of care in Europe nor the effects of discontinuity on the mental health of young people. Current research is limited, as the majority of existing studies are retrospective, based on small samples or used non-standardised information from medical records. The MILESTONE prospective cohort study aims to examine associations between service use, mental health and other outcomes over 24 months, using information from self, parent and clinician reports. Participants: Seven hundred sixty-three young people from 39 CAMHS in 8 European countries, their parents and CAMHS clinicians who completed interviews and online questionnaires and were followed up for 2 years after reaching the upper age limit of the CAMHS they receive treatment at. Findings to date: This cohort profile describes the baseline characteristics of the MILESTONE cohort. The mental health of young people reaching the upper age limit of their CAMHS varied greatly in type and severity: 32.8% of young people reported clinical levels of self-reported problems and 18.6% were rated to be ‘markedly ill’, ‘severely ill’ or ‘among the most extremely ill’ by their clinician. Fifty-seven per cent of young people reported psychotropic medication use in the previous half year. Future plans: Analysis of longitudinal data from the MILESTONE cohort will be used to assess relationships between the demographic and clinical characteristics of young people reaching the upper age limit of their CAMHS and the type of care the young person uses over the next 2 years, such as whether the young person transitions to AMHS. At 2 years follow-up, the mental health outcomes of young people following different care pathways will be compared. Trial registration number: NCT03013595

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Comparison of CPC and CETAB extractive procedures for quantification and characterization of human urinary glycosaminoglycans

Background. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are natural, complex polysaccharides having great importance in several pathological processes. Urinary GAGs have long been investigated for their possible modifications in many pathological conditions and, in some cases, results useful for diagnosis have been observed. As a result, the determination of GAGs in the urine is gradually gaining importance in the literature. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB) are generally used to extract urinary GAGs before analyses. In this study we evaluated the extraction of human urinary GAGs by using CPC in comparison with CETAB. Methods. Extracted urinary GAGs were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by agarose-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sequential staining and densitometric scanning, able to give more reproducible and reliable results for urinary GAGs, and HPLC for the evaluation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) disaccharides.Results. Differences were observed between CPC and CETAB extractive protocols. The absolute amount of CS evaluated by electrophoresis was found similar for the two protocols. However, the heparan sulfate (HS) concentration was calculated to be approximately 3.3 times greater for CPC than CETAB. When calculated in relative percentage, 33.6% HS was determined for CPC and 10.0% for CETAB. These results are the quantitative expression of a greater recovery of HS by using CPC protocol than CETAB. No significant differences were found between CS quantified by agarose-gel and HPLC. Furthermore, no differences were observed for the CS disaccharide composition purified by using CPC or CETAB, and quite similar results were observed for 4s/6s disaccharides ratio and charge density values.Conclusions. Extractive procedures of urinary GAGs using CPC or CETAB are able to recover same amounts of CS quantified by agarose-gel electrophoresis and HPLC, and same CS structural composition determined as pattern of disaccharides. However, CPC produces a great recovery of HS than CETAB protocol, an increase of approximately 3.3 times as evaluated by electrophoresis. This different capacity in HS extraction between CPC and CETAB should be carefully kept in mind when urinary GAGs of subjects affected by various diseases and related pharmacological treatments are considered or meta-analysis is determined by comparing various studies and trials performed under different experimental conditions

Ustekinumab is the preferred biological agent in IBD patients with hidradenitis suppurativa failing anti-TNF therapy

peer reviewe

Ustekinumab is the preferred biological agent in IBD patients with hidradenitis suppurativa failing anti-TNF therapy: results from a reallife multicenter cohort

peer reviewe

The effect of nutritional parameters on the prognosis of childhood interstitial lung diseases

International audienceBackground-Aim: Data on malnutrition in childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD) are scarce. We aimed to evaluate malnutrition in chILD and to investigate factors leading to poor nutritional status.Methods: Data source Kids Lung Register. From baseline and follow-up data we analyzed nutritional parameters, severity scores, treatment modalities, PFT data (ppFEV1 and ppFVC) and disease severity (using Fan severityscore).Results: Data of 3,334 register visits from 759 children were included. At baseline, 94/759 children (12%) had PEG/fundoplication. For children 2 years, at baseline, malnutrition was present in 157/427 (37%) children. The most common ILD categories in these children were DPLD: related to alveolar surfactant region (n=49, 31%), exposures (n=26, 17%), and systemic disease processes (n=26; 17%). At one year follow up,malnutrition decreased to 90/365 (25%) children. Lower ppFEV1 (p<0.001), ppFVC (p<0.001) and disaese severity (p=0.047) were correlated with malnutrition.Conclusion: Malnutrition is common in chILD. Further studies are needed to determine if early nutritional intervention improves the prognosis of patients with child (CRC chILD-EU)