Speech Communication

Contains reports on five research projects.U. S. Air Force (Electronic Systems Division) under Contract AF 19(628)-3325National Science Foundation (Grant GP-Z495)National Institutes of Health (Grant MH-04737-04)National Institutes of Health (Grant NB-0433Z-02)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NsG-496

Global Oceans

Global Oceans is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report and is avail-able from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0105.1. Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2019 is based on contr1ibutions from scien-tists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instru-ments located on land, water, ice, and in space. The full report is available from https://doi.org /10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate.1

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Power deposition distribution in liquid lead cooled fission reactors and effects on the reactor therma behaviour

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Conceptualization of a Surveillance Drone for Aquatic Expeditions

The age of technology has paved the way for technological advancements and inventions, one of which are Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) which are deployed in marine ecosystems for various purposes. This technology displays the potential of safer and more efficient monitoring methods for marine surveillance. However, in the Philippines, numerous leading marine organizations still use traditional methods such as the use of divers to collect data for research purposes. Thus, it is the study’s general objective to conceptualize a UUV model that may be adapted in the Philippines for marine surveillance operations. The study undergoes a 4-step-process in fulfilling the general objective, this involves: (1) the Consultation of Marine Organizations and Personnel, (2) the finding of the Electrical Hardware Components, (3) the Simulation of the Conceptualized Drone Shapes, and (4) the Analysis of the Simulation Results. Through this systematic approach, the study conceptualized 3 drone shapes namely: the Disc Shape, the Torpedo Shape, and the Anomalous Shape. These conceptualized shapes were modeled and simulated through SolidWorks, where the ideal water conditions of the Philippines were set to accurately test the efficiency of these drone shapes. The obtained results suggest that the torpedo shape is the most ideal shape to utilize in Philippine marine surveillance application

Some Heavy Metals, Nutritional Values and Phytochemicals of Water Lily Plant Found in Girei Local Government of Adamawa State, Nigeria

The nutritional composition, phytochemicals and heavy metal contents of Nymphaea lotus in the rhizome, stem leaves and seeds were determined. The powdered plant samples were extracted successively with methanol using Soxhlet apparatus at 55-85 °C for 8-10 hours. Phytochemical Screening was carried out in order to determine the qualitative and quantitative analysis of saponins, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Nutritional composition analysis such as Moisture content, fat composition, ash content, carbohydrate, crude fiber and protein were determined using standard methods whilst, mineral composition was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The plant parts such as leaf, stem, and rhizome were qualitatively and quantitatively screened for phytochemicals such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. The leaf sample had the highest amounts of tannins (29.12 mg/g) and saponins (17.26 mg/g), which made the plant good for medicinal purposes. Analysis of elemental components such as Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn were carried out on the plant parts using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pb was of a higher concentration in all the four parts of the plant than the other elements. The proximate composition in the seed showed crude protein content to have (2.16±0.141 %), crude fat (15.01±0.100 %), crude fiber (11.50±0.100 %), ash content (35.18±0.045 %), moisture (4.76±0.000 %) and carbohydrate (31.40±0.529 %). Oil was extracted from the seed with 6.5 % yield and was quantified for crude protein to have 6.83 %. Anti-nutritional analysis of the seed sample showed tannins to contain (3.210±0.100 mg/100 g), phytate (0.216±0.118 mg/100 g), saponins (0.010±0.00 mg/100 g) as oxalate was not detected. The anti-nutrients were at a permissible limit of WHO/FOA.It was observed that the biochemical composition of Nymphaea lotus seed is beneficial to both humans and animals for proper growth and maintenance while the anti-nutritional contents were reasonably low and may be used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries and the presence of phytochemicals are of great medicinal importance

sj-pdf-1-cpj-10.1177_00099228221134441 – Supplemental material for Electrocardiographic QTc as a Surrogate Measure of Cardiac Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Eating Disorders

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpj-10.1177_00099228221134441 for Electrocardiographic QTc as a Surrogate Measure of Cardiac Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Eating Disorders by Perry B. Dinardo, Ellen S. Rome, Ira B. Taub, Wei Liu, Kenneth Zahka and Peter F. Aziz in Clinical Pediatrics</p