Reconciling the interests of the economic diversification participants in a single-industry town

Рассматриваются проблемы согласования интересов участников процесса диверсификации экономики моногорода в процессе управления развитием моногорода на основе реализации стратегии диверсификации. Целью исследования является разработка инструментов гармонизации интересов участников процесса диверсификации экономики моногорода на основе разработки модели полного согласования интересов и сопоставления ее с моделью отдельно взятого моногорода. Методы исследования: системный подход, анализ и синтез, построение множеств согласования интересов с применением диаграммы Эйлера-Венна, методы комбинаторики, построение экономических показателей и рядов динамики, графический метод представления результатов и построения иерархии согласования интересов. Результаты исследования. Представлена модель полного согласования интересов различных групп лиц, в которой отражены сферы возможного пересечения интересов, а также иерархия числа согласуемых интересов. Предложены основные группы участников процесса диверсификации моногорода, а также разграничено понятие участника и роли (функции) участника в данном процессе. Обосновано и определено число множеств в зависимости от числа участников, чьи интересы одновременно согласуются, на примере моногорода Калтан Кемеровской области. На основе предложенной модели построена модель согласования интересов на примере моногорода Калтана. Полученная модель имеет трапециевидную форму, что свидетельствует о достаточно небольшом числе общих согласуемых интересов. Автор приходит к выводу, что в моногороде сформирован треугольник интересов «администрация города - малый бизнес в роли инвестора - вуз», представляющий основу в иерархии согласования интересов моногорода Калтан. Центральное положение при согласовании интересов с прочими участниками занимает исключительно администрация города. На основе данных выводов внесены предложения по направлениям дальнейшего согласования интересов на примере рассматриваемого моногорода.The article explores the problems of reconciling the interests of single-industry towns, a need that arises from the entire process of industry development management through a diversification strategy. The aim of this study is to develop tools to harmonize the interests of the single-industry towns, based on a model of full harmonization with the model of an individual single-industry town. Methods of the research: system approach, analysis and synthesis, building a set of harmonized interests with the application of the Eulerian-Venn diagram, combinatorics methods, construction of economic indicators and series of dynamics, graphical method of presentation of results and building the hierarchy of interests. Results of the study. The paper introduces the model for fully reconciling the interests of different groups of persons, reflecting the areas of possible intersecting interests and the hierarchy of the number of interests involved. The article proposes the main groups of participants in the diversification process and the differentially concept of participant and the role (function) of the participant in the diversification process. The author justifies and estimates the number of sets depending on the number of participants whose interests are concurrently reconciled in Kaltan case study. The proposed model is used for Kaltan, Kemerovo region case study. The result ing model is of a trapezoidal form, which indicates that there are quite a few common consenting interests. The author concludes that a triangle of interests «city administration - small business as investor - university» is formed. This triangle represents the highest level of harmonization of interests in the hierarchy. The city administration is in central position in reconciling interests with other participants. By the example of the considered single-industry town and based on these findings the suggestion on further harmonization of interests was made

Global assignment and extension of millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectral database of 13C1-methyl formate (H13COOCH3) in the ground and first excited states

A compilation of the available spectroscopic millimeter- and submillimeter-wave data of the ground and first excited states of C-13(1)-methyl formate ((HCOOCH3)-C-13) has been carried out. The exhaustive analysis of the available transition lines of (HCOOCH3)-C-13 has led to the assignment of 7457 spectral lines by means of a global fit of 45 parameters, using the Rho-Axis Method and the BELGI-Cs code, with a resulting unitless standard deviation of 0.57. Over 1600 lines are included for the first time in the fit. In addition, the line strengths of spectral lines are also calculated using the most recent experimental measurement of the electric dipole moment. In conclusion, the present study represents a notable improvement with respect to previous (HCOOCH3)-C-13 spectral analyses. Therefore, the better accuracy of the present analysis may help the future identification of new (HCOOCH3)-C-13 lines in the interstellar and circumstellar media, and may contribute to decrease some of the spectral confusion due to these species in astronomical surveys

Rotational spectrum and tentative detection of DCOOCH3–Methyl formate in Orion

New centimeter-wave (7–80 GHz) and submillimeter-wave (580–661 GHz) spectra of a deuterated species of methyl formate (DCOOCH3) have been measured. Transitions with a maximum value of J = 64 and K = 36 have been assigned and fitted together with previous measurements. The internal rotation of this compound was treated using the so-called rho axis method. A total of 1703 transitions were fitted using this method. Only 24 parameters were employed in the final fit, which has an rms deviation of 94.2 kHz. The dipole moment and the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of the deuterated specie have also been obtained. This new study has permitted a tentative detection of DCOOCH3 in Orion with the IRAM 30 m telescope based on the observation of more than 100 spectral features with low blending effects among the 400 lines expected in the observed frequency domain (for which over 300 are heavily blended with other species). These 100 transitions are above noise and confusion limited without heavy blending and cannot be assigned to any other species. Moreover, none of the strongest unblended transitions is missing. The derived source-averaged total column density for DCOOCH3 is 7.8 × 1014 cm−2 and theDCOOCH3/HCOOCH3 column density ratio varies between 0.02 and 0.06 in the different cloud components of Orion. This value is consistent with the deuteration enhancement found for other species in this cloud

Redox‐controlled preservation of organic matter during “OAE 3” within the Western Interior Seaway

During the Cretaceous, widespread black shale deposition occurred during a series of Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs). Multiple processes are known to control the deposition of marine black shales, including changes in primary productivity, organic matter preservation, and dilution. OAEs offer an opportunity to evaluate the relative roles of these forcing factors. The youngest of these events—the Coniacian to Santonian OAE 3—resulted in a prolonged organic carbon burial event in shallow and restricted marine environments including the Western Interior Seaway. New high‐resolution isotope, organic, and trace metal records from the latest Turonian to early Santonian Niobrara Formation are used to characterize the amount and composition of organic matter preserved, as well as the geochemical conditions under which it accumulated. Redox sensitive metals (Mo, Mn, and Re) indicate a gradual drawdown of oxygen leading into the abrupt onset of organic carbon‐rich (up to 8%) deposition. High Hydrogen Indices (HI) and organic carbon to total nitrogen ratios (C:N) demonstrate that the elemental composition of preserved marine organic matter is distinct under different redox conditions. Local changes in δ13C indicate that redox‐controlled early diagenesis can also significantly alter δ13Corg records. These results demonstrate that the development of anoxia is of primary importance in triggering the prolonged carbon burial in the Niobrara Formation. Sea level reconstructions, δ18O results, and Mo/total organic carbon ratios suggest that stratification and enhanced bottom water restriction caused the drawdown of bottom water oxygen. Increased nutrients from benthic regeneration and/or continental runoff may have sustained primary productivity.Key PointsBottom water redox changes triggered carbon burial within the WIS during OAE 3Anoxia developed due to O2 drawdown in a stratified water columnRedox‐controlled changes in OM preservation altered primary δ13Corg signalsPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112294/1/palo20210.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112294/2/palo20210-sup-0001-SupportingInfo.pd

Development of an All-in-One Lentiviral Vector System Based on the Original TetR for the Easy Generation of Tet-ON Cell Lines

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are considered one of the most promising vehicles to efficiently deliver genetic information for basic research and gene therapy approaches. Combining LVs with drug-inducible expression systems should allow tight control of transgene expression with minimal side effect on relevant target cells. A new doxycycline-regulated system based on the original TetR repressor was developed in 1998 as an alternative to the TetR-VP16 chimeras (tTA and rtTA) to avoid secondary effects due to the expression of transactivator domains. However, previously described TetR-based systems required cell cloning and/or antibiotic selection of tetracycline-responsive cells in order to achieve good regulation. In the present manuscript we have constructed a dual Tet-ON system based on two lentiviral vectors, one expressing the TetR through the spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) promoter (STetR) and a second expressing eGFP through the regulatable CMV-TetO promoter (CTetOE). Using these vectors we have demonstrated that the TetR repressor, contrary to the reverse transactivator (rtTA), can be expressed in excess to bind and modulate a high number of TetO operons. We have also showed that this dual vector system can generate regulatable bulk cell lines (expressing high levels of TetR) that are able to modulate transgene expression either by varying doxycycline concentration and/or by varying the amount of CTetOE vector genomes per cell. Based on these results we have developed a new all-in-one lentiviral vector (CEST) driving the expression of TetR through the SFFV promoter and the expression of eGFP through the doxycycline-responsive CMV-TetO operon. This vector efficiently produced Tet-ON regulatable immortalized (293T) and primary (human mesenchymal stem cells and human primary fibroblasts) cells. Bulk doxycycline-responsive cell lines express high levels of the transgene with low amount of doxycycline and are phenotypically indistinct from its parental cells

Lentivirus-meditated frataxin gene delivery reverses genome instability in Friedreich ataxia patient and mouse model fibroblasts

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of frataxin protein, with the primary sites of pathology being the large sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and the cerebellum. FRDA is also often accompanied by severe cardiomyopathy and diabetes mellitus. Frataxin is important in mitochondrial iron–sulfur cluster (ISC) biogenesis and low-frataxin expression is due to a GAA repeat expansion in intron 1 of the FXN gene. FRDA cells are genomically unstable, with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Here we report the identification of elevated levels of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in FRDA patient and YG8sR FRDA mouse model fibroblasts compared to normal fibroblasts. Using lentivirus FXN gene delivery to FRDA patient and YG8sR cells, we obtained long-term overexpression of FXN mRNA and frataxin protein levels with reduced DSB levels towards normal. Furthermore, γ-irradiation of FRDA patient and YG8sR cells revealed impaired DSB repair that was recovered on FXN gene transfer. This suggests that frataxin may be involved in DSB repair, either directly by an unknown mechanism, or indirectly via ISC biogenesis for DNA repair enzymes, which may be essential for the prevention of neurodegeneration.Ataxia UK, FARA Australasia and FARA US

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe