The influence of diet and environment on the gut microbial community of field crickets

The extent to which diet and environment influence gut community membership (presence or absence of taxa) and structure (individual taxon abundance) is the subject of growing interest in microbiome research. Here, we examined the gut bacterial communities of three cricket groups: (1) wild caught field crickets, (2) laboratory-reared crickets fed cat chow, and (3) laboratory-reared crickets fed chemically defined diets. We found that both environment and diet greatly altered the structure of the gut bacterial community. Wild crickets had greater gut microbial diversity and higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratios, in contrast to laboratory-reared crickets. Predictive metagenomes revealed that laboratory-reared crickets were significantly enriched in amino acid degradation pathways, while wild crickets had a higher relative abundance of peptidases that would aid in amino acid release. Although wild and laboratory animals differ greatly in their bacterial communities, we show that the community proportional membership remains stable from Phylum to Family taxonomic levels regardless of differences in environment and diet, suggesting that endogenous factors, such as host genetics, have greater control in shaping gut community membership

MAREJADAS RURALES Y LUCHAS POR LA VIDA, VOL. II: CONFLICTOS SOCIOTERRITORIALES Y POR RECURSOS NATURALES

Volumen 2. Conflictos socioterritoriales y por recursos naturales, coordinado por: Rosalía López Paniagua, Dante Ariel Ayala Ortiz y Armando Contreras Hernández, constituido por 19 trabajos, divididos en tres secciones. La primera titulada Tierra: tenencia y cultivos transgénicos, contiene 6 trabajos, que abordan el persistente conflicto por la tenencia de la tierra y la producción de soya y maíz transgénico y la asociada acumulación del capital por despojo que caracteriza la agricultura transgénica en México, pero también formas de resistencia como la denuncia de contaminación transgénica en la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca y las instituciones, actores y gestión en la Reserva de la Biósfera El Triunfo en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas. La segunda sección: Territorio: Explotación y envenenamiento, está compuesta por 5 trabajos que hacen referencia a los conflictos socioambientales derivados de la minería en manos de empresas nacionales y extranjeras omisas y gobiernos cómplices de las consecuencias depredadoras que generan en territorios campesinos e indígenas, debido a su asociación con el narcotráfico y por la contaminación del agua y la tierra que provocan, además de las consecuencias perversas en la salud humana y el entorno natural en diversas regiones del país. En la tercera y última sección, Agua: contaminación y escases, los 8 trabajos que la integran, analizan los conflictos socioterritoriales y luchas por la vida, en diversos estados del país. Se trata de investigaciones que estudian movimientos y conflictos sociales actuales en el campo mexicano, como son las luchas por la defensa del territorio y la defensa de la naturaleza, trabajos que abordan especialmente las disputas por el agua, y los problemas asociados del acceso, la escasez y la contaminación, no solo internos sino con empresas y con el Estado mismo que con la aprobación y aplicación de leyes y reglamentos, el despojo a los campesinos de su territorio en el que han trabajado y vivido por generaciones.INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y RURALES (ICAR), UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA, EL COLEGIO DE MICHOACÁN A.C., FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES ACATLÁN-UNAM, ECOSUR, CUCOSTA SUR GRANA, ASOCIACIÓN MEXICANA DE ESTUDIOS RURALES A.C

Observation of the diphoton decay of the Higgs boson and measurement of its properties

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Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Search for narrow resonances in dilepton mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV data

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Search for massive resonances in dijet systems containing jets tagged as W or Z boson decays in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

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Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons decaying to a pair of tau leptons in pp collisions

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Search for supersymmetry in events with photons and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at 13 TeV

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